AP Biology Exam Review Molecules and Cells – 25%.

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Presentation transcript:

AP Biology Exam Review Molecules and Cells – 25%

Cellular Energetics – 8% Coupled reactions Fermentation and cellular respiration Photosynthesis

Equations Cellular respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + ATP Photosynthesis 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + sunlight  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

Cellular respiration overview

Phosphorylation Substrate level: ADP+P 1 with enzymatic assistance Oxidative: oxygen as final acceptor, proton gradient generated with ETC, activating ATP synthase enzyme

Substrate level Glycolysis Krebs cycle

Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH

Acetyl CoA

Krebs cycle

ETC and ATP synthase

Chemiosmosis

Cell respiration review

Alcohol fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation

Respiration Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration Anaerobic only in cytoplasm

Photosynthesis products

Photosynthesis overview

Light transmission

Photospectrum

Chlorophyll structure

Photosystem

Noncyclic phosphorylation

Chemiosmosis comparison

Photosynthetic chemiosmosis

Calvin Dark reaction Light independent reaction

Cyclic phosphorylation (photorespiration)

C4 pathway Desert and tropical plants

CAM vs. C4 pathway Cacti and succulents

Photosynthesis review