AP Biology Exam Review Molecules and Cells – 25%
Cellular Energetics – 8% Coupled reactions Fermentation and cellular respiration Photosynthesis
Equations Cellular respiration: C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + ATP Photosynthesis 6H 2 O + 6CO 2 + sunlight C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2
Cellular respiration overview
Phosphorylation Substrate level: ADP+P 1 with enzymatic assistance Oxidative: oxygen as final acceptor, proton gradient generated with ETC, activating ATP synthase enzyme
Substrate level Glycolysis Krebs cycle
Glycolysis 2 ATP 2 Pyruvate 2 NADH
Acetyl CoA
Krebs cycle
ETC and ATP synthase
Chemiosmosis
Cell respiration review
Alcohol fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
Respiration Aerobic vs. anaerobic respiration Anaerobic only in cytoplasm
Photosynthesis products
Photosynthesis overview
Light transmission
Photospectrum
Chlorophyll structure
Photosystem
Noncyclic phosphorylation
Chemiosmosis comparison
Photosynthetic chemiosmosis
Calvin Dark reaction Light independent reaction
Cyclic phosphorylation (photorespiration)
C4 pathway Desert and tropical plants
CAM vs. C4 pathway Cacti and succulents
Photosynthesis review