Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – Small and large settlements were created in the Americas – Ex: League of the Iroquois Cultures were vastly different from one another. Exploration-  Gold, Glory, and God  Advanced technology  Increased education – Renaissance  Religious conflict – Catholic vs. Islam, Protestant Reformation  Economics –  Trade  New trade routes  Raw materials  Nation-States = Power

Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – Treaty of Tordesillas – Spain gains land to the West – Portugal gains land to the East Spain – Florida, Mexico, Texas, California English, French and the Dutch settled primarily in North America  Privateers, Northwest Passage, Overcrowding (Headright System), New Markets (Columbian Exchange, Triangular Trade, Transatlantic Slave Trade) Native Americans were treated differently by all groups – Ex: Encomienda System

Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – English Settlements – Limited Government Roanoke – Sir Walter Raleigh – Failed Jamestown – Royal Colony – Legislative body known as the House of Burgesses Plymouth – Puritans (ordered society) – Mayflower Compact, Self Government, Established powers and duties of government Massachusetts Bay Colony – Religious Freedom, “Great Migration”, Representative Government but limited Connecticut – Fundamental Orders, Popular vote Maryland – Acts of Toleration – Religious Freedom with restrictions

Exploration, Discovery and Settlement – Types of Colonies – Royal Corporate – Joint Stock Proprietary – Charters Reasons for Failure – War/Attacks Famine Disease Laziness

The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire – 1607 – 1750 Thirteen very unique colonies developed all with some form of limited government (elections, assembles, taxes) Divided into three distinct zones – the New England, the Middle, and the Southern Colonies Virginia –  Tobacco  Bacon’s Rebellion –  Led by Nathaniel Bacon  Settlers push west to gain land – Raided Indian villages  Called a rebel by Sir William Berkeley – Turned army around and attacked  Impact – o Class differences o Colonial resistance to royal control

The Thirteen Colonies and the British Empire – 1607 – 1750 Labor Shortages – Indentured Servants Headright System Slavery Native American Resistance – Pequot War King Philip’s (Metacom) War Formation of the New England Confederation – Collective Security

Mercantilism is an economic theory that states a nation becomes stronger by keeping strict control over its trade. It also states that a nation should have more exports than imports. Mercantilism is a system of trade where colonies sold raw materials to England who used those resources to produce manufactured goods that were sold to colonies. Mercantilism is a system of trade where colonies sold raw materials to England who used those resources to produce manufactured goods that were sold to colonies.

TIMBER FISH IRON INDIGO RICE COTTON RESOURCES MANUFACTURED GOODS

Who Benefits from Mercantilism? For every $4 of timber the colonists sold to England, England manufactures were able to make a table that sold for $24. Under mercantilism, colonist had to buy their furniture from England because England always wanted to maintain a favorable balance of trade. 2 £ ( British Pounds) = $4 12 £ ( British Pounds) = $24

Characteristics of Mercantilism EnglandEnglish Colonies Colonist were not permitted to make most of the finished products made in England X Products such as tobacco and wood could only be sold to England or its colonies. X Colonists could only use English ships to trade their goods. X Colonial ships were protected by the English navy X Colonist had to buy molasses from English colonies in the West Indies X Colonist were assured a ready market for their goods X Goods traded between Europe and America had to pass through England to be taxed X

Policies used to control the colonies Navigation Acts – Trade by English or colonial-built ships only Imported goods must pass through English ports Enumerated good (Tobacco) traded only to England. Positive Results & Negative Results – Growth in shipbuilding (+) Military protection (+) Economic prosperity (+) Limited trade (-) Low prices for crops - High prices for goods (-) Dominion of New England – Attempt by James II to increase royal control Combine colonies into units under Gov. Edmund Andros Disband colonial assemblies Levy taxes Widely unpopular so William and Mary disbanded it.

Salutary Neglect Long tradition of strong local control and weak central power. Lacked resources to enforce policies. Existing economy & politics already served English interests. Colonies were able to develop unique identities:  Slave trade – Slave Laws  Immigration  Self-Government – Local Government – Politics – Press (Zenger Case)  Religious Toleration  Diverse economies – Job Specialization – Money – Social Mobility  Transportation  Art/Education