Section 3-New England

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Section 3: New England Discuss why John Winthrop founded Massachusetts and describe the kind of society the Puritans built there. Describe why Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson left the Massachusetts colony.

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(pages 66–67) The Pilgrims Land at Plymouth Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Some Puritans, called Separatists, broke away from the Anglican Church to start their own congregations. The king viewed the act as a challenge to his authority and imprisoned them. In 1608 one group of Separatists, who became known as Pilgrims, fled to Holland. Unhappy there, they decided to immigrate to America.

The Pilgrims set sail for America on the Mayflower in 1620 and settled in Plymouth, near Massachusetts Bay. Under the leadership of William Bradford, the Pilgrims began constructing homes immediately after their arrival. A plague swept through the colony, killing many settlers. The Pilgrims Land at Plymouth (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 66–67)

The remaining settlers survived in large part because of the assistance of a Native American named Squanto, who taught them how to use the environment to meet their needs. The Pilgrims Land at Plymouth (cont.) (pages 66–67)

(pages 67–69) The Puritans Found Massachusetts Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Many Puritans stayed within the Anglican Church and worked for reform. Like the Separatists, these Puritans were also persecuted, and many were willing to leave England.

The Puritans Found Massachusetts (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. A depression in England’s wool industry caused high unemployment, particularly among Puritans. John Winthrop and other wealthy Puritans held stock in the Massachusetts Bay Company, which had received a charter from King Charles to establish a colony in New England. (pages 67–69)

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 67–69) The Puritans Found Massachusetts (cont.) Winthrop used the charter to start a colony as a refuge for Puritans. In 1630 several hundred Puritans set sail for America and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. As conditions in England worsened, increasing numbers of people left England in what was later called the Great Migration. By 1643 Massachusetts included about 20,000 settlers.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 67–69) The Puritans Found Massachusetts (cont.) In Massachusetts, a General Court made the laws and elected the colony’s governor. The General Court was made up of “freemen”–the people who owned stock in the Massachusetts Bay Company. Eventually the General Court became a representative assembly.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 67–69) The Puritans Found Massachusetts (cont.) The government of Massachusetts required all colonists to attend church, collected taxes to support it, and regulated people’s moral behavior. The government was intolerant towards differences in religious beliefs. Heretics, those whose religious beliefs differed from the majority’s, were considered a threat to the community.

(pages 69–70) Rhode Island and Religious Dissent Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Roger Williams, a strict Separatist, challenged Puritan authority in Massachusetts. In 1635 the General Court banned him from the colony. Williams headed south, where he founded the town of Providence. The government there had no authority in religious matters, and religious differences were tolerated.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 69–70) Rhode Island and Religious Dissent (cont.) Anne Hutchinson was declared a heretic and banished from Massachusetts for her challenge of Puritan practices. She and her followers also headed south and founded the town of Portsmouth.

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 69–70) Rhode Island and Religious Dissent (cont.) Other Puritans were also banished from Massachusetts. They founded the towns of Newport and Warwick. These two towns joined with Providence and Portsmouth to become the colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. The colony’s charter included a total separation of church and state and religious freedom.

(pages 70–71) The River Towns of Connecticut Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Reverend Thomas Hooker opposed the Massachusetts government’s policy of allowing only church members to vote. He and his followers left Massachusetts and founded the town of Hartford, in the Connecticut River valley. Hartford and two other towns in the region joined together to create their own General Court.

They adopted a constitution known as the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut–the first written constitution of the American colonies. Two Massachusetts traders were killed by the Pequot, a Native American group in the Connecticut River valley. A war between the colonists and Pequot developed. Hundreds of Pequot were killed, and many were sold into slavery. The River Towns of Connecticut (con’t) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 70–71)

(pages 71) New Hampshire and Maine Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Some Puritans moved north of Massachusetts. Much of this territory had been granted to two men. One claimed the southern part, named New Hampshire, and the other claimed the northern part, named Maine.

New Hampshire eventually became a royal colony, while Massachusetts bought back Maine, which remained part of Massachusetts until New Hampshire and Maine (cont.) (pages 71)

King Philip’s War Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. The colonial governments’ demand that Native American follow English law angered the Native Americans, who believed that the English were trying to destroy their culture. In 1675 the Plymouth Colony tried and executed three Wampanoag for a murder, which led to attacks by the Native Americans against the colonists. (pages 71)

The attacks marked the beginning of King Philip’s War. King Philip’s War (cont.) The Wampanoag’s defeat by the colonists in 1678 was a turning point. After the war, few Native Americans were left in New England. (pages 71) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.