Unit # 3 – Middle Ages Lesson # 4: Crusades

Objective and Bell Ringer Rome Falls Feudalism Begins Christianity Spreads The Crusades are Fought Trade Increases Cities and Towns Grow Objective and Bell Ringer Bell Ringer: Complete “Christianity Spreads” portion of the Flow Chart (see above if missed class). Describe the Christian Religion in this box. Objective: Describe how the Crusades have had a lasting impact on society Exit Ticket: 1 paragraph answering question – Why were people willing to fight in the Crusades? Title “True or False” The Crusades reading The Crusades Video Guided Questions-in notebook Crusades, Increased Trade

Religion and Politics Where did people turn for stability during the Middle Ages? Who controlled the Church? What are three powers of the church?

Remember from yesterday… Where did people turn for stability during the Middle Ages? The Catholic Church Who controlled the Church? The Pope What are three powers of the church? Excommunication – kick people out Laws – Pax Dei and Treuga Dei Tithing – Collecting tax

True or False First, copy down the following statements into your notes leaving 3-4 spaces in between each statement to provide justification:Answer today 1. The Roman Empire did not help the Church become widespread across Europe. 2. The Catholic Church was very powerful. 3. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Catholic Church hurt the stability of the region. 4. Excommunication and Interdicts were ineffective at curbing bad behavior from the people. 5. Pax Dei and Treuga Dei existed to create peace.

The Crusades From the 11th to 13th centuries, European Christians went on the Crusades The Crusades were a series of military campaigns to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims who were known as infidels (non- believers) The goal of each Crusade was to take Jerusalem and the surrounding area away from the Muslims Many Christians believed that Jesus would only come again once Christians held Jerusalem The Muslims also considered Jerusalem holy The First Crusade started when Muslim Turks attacked the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Emperor asked for help and Pope Urban II responded by urging Christians to take up arms in a holy war (1095) Slogan: “God wills it!”

Captured Jerusalem and killed most of its inhabitants Second Crusade A few years later the Muslims began to recapture lands It was a complete failure – took no lands from Muslims

In 1187 he captured Jerusalem Third Crusade A new leader emerges among the Muslims – Salah ad-Din, whom the Europeans call Saladin In 1187 he captured Jerusalem Due to this, the Third Crusade is launched and several monarchs set out for the Holy Land Only Richard made it to and fought in the Holy Land King Richard and Saladin fought fiercely against each other and although Richard won several battles, he was not able to take Jerusalem Richard instead negotiates an agreement with Saladin for Christian pilgrims to be allowed to go into Jerusalem and he returns home

Children’s Crusade , seven ships carrying 20,000 French children sails for the Holy Land Two ships sink and the other five ships reach North Africa, where the rest of the children were sold into slavery

Effects of the Crusades There were nine Crusades launched from 1096 to 1291 – the First Crusade was the only successful one The Crusades increased trade and some Italian cities benefited economically Lots of money and manpower spent on the Crusades Led to the deaths of many knights and nobles Kings gained power as they took over unoccupied lands Brought knowledge of Muslim culture to Europe Began to view all non-Christians as enemies Undertaking holy wars against Muslims while the “murderers of Christ” ran free at home

Anti-Semitism = hostility towards Jews Massacres of Jews became a feature of medieval European life, anti-Semitism increases Anti-Semitism = hostility towards Jews Breeds centuries of mistrust between Christians and Muslims

Crusade Reason For People Involved Result First Second Third Fourth Children’s

Revival and Growth of Trade After the Crusades trade began to grow Most of the early trading cities were found in Italy, with Venice being the most important Other Italian cities, wanting to get wealthy, created their own trade routes Trade in the north was dominated by the Hanseatic League Group of northern German cities and towns that worked together to promote and protect trade

Medieval Trade

Trade encouraged people to use money again Before, workers had been paid with goods This led to some merchants allowing their customers to buy goods on credit Credit = the promise of later payment This also led to the creation of Europe’s first banks

In the 12th century, craftspeople organized into business associations called guilds that played a leading role in urban economics The primary functions of a guild was to restrict competition Craft guilds set quality standards, specified methods of production, fixed the price of the finished product, and determined who could enter the guild A person who wanted to learn a trade first became an apprentice to a master craftsperson around the age of 8 They received room and board, but no pay After 5 to 7 years, apprentices became a journeyman who worked for pay for other masters To become a master, they had to produce a masterpiece which the guild would judge

Crusades pp. 404-407 Total Crusades -9 Focus Crusades-4 Use graphic organizer given: For each of the four crusades in the text write a description that includes Year Cause Two groups fighting End Result

Crusade Analysis Use pp Crusade Analysis Use pp. 404 -407 Answer these questions in your notebook Which crusades were successful? Why? Who was Richard the Lion –Hearted? Who was Saladin? Which group took control of Jerusalem (Holy Land) at the end of the crusades? Give 4 lasting impacts of the Crusades (use p. 407)

The Crusades On your own, annotate the readings Launching the Crusades, The Crusades, and A Thousand Years of Bad Memories. You will have 20 minutes Alone, complete the timeline of the Crusades You will have 10 minutes

Two Sides in a Crusade Annotate information Pope Urban II's call for a crusade and Saladin's call for the reconquest of Jerusalem and then answer the questions. Draw a graphic organizer that compares Urban's and Saladin's arguments for war. Write a paragraph describing the impressions these speeches give you about the Crusades and the people who fought in them.

The Crusades Video-Discovery Education: The Crusades Part 1: 3:57- 15:50; Part 2: 24:54-32:15 Part 1: 3:57- 15:50 What writings did the scholars translate? What type of math was formed by the Islamic scientist? What contributions to medicine did the Islamic scientist make? How long was the Islamic studies of anatomy used by Europeans? How did Europe learn to make paper? Part 2: (24:54-32:15) What city did the crusaders want to conquer? What type of architecture did the crusaders build in the Middle East? How do you think the crusades caused cultural diffusion?

The Crusades Video-Discovery Education: The Crusades Part 1: 3:57- 15:50; Part 2: 24:54-32:15

Exit Ticket Answer the following question in the form of a paragraph or concept web on a separate sheet of paper: Using information given in this lesson and Chapter 19 explain why was the Catholic Church able to provide stability during the Middle Ages?