Photography What is photography? – The art of capturing an image – From the Greek words, light and writing – Ability to freeze time and record a vision or perspective of the world

The Darkroom Darkroom – Room without light with all the equipment to develop prints Safety – Know your surroundings, eye wash, wet vs. dry areas, knock on door, etc Chemical Trays – Mixing tongs contaminates the chemicals Enlarger – Device used to make prints from negatives larger than the original size Easel – Holds photographic paper in place underneath the enlarger Negative Carrier – Holds the negative in place within the enlarger

Camera & Enlarger Functions Aperture – Lens opening that lets light in to strike the film or paper F-stops – Numerical indication of the lens opening Lens – Focuses and lets light pass through in order to expose an image

The Camera SLR – Single Lens Reflex – Camera uses a mirror system to capture exactly what you see through the lens Viewfinder – Helps to frame you composition, located on the back of the camera Depth of Field – The range of focus within your image Exposure – Recorded image

Camera Functions Film Advance Lever – Advances the film within the camera body to the next frame Film Rewind Lever – Allows you to manually rewind the film after the last exposure has been taken

Film Processing Black Bag – Allows you to take the film out of the canister in complete darkness – Tank, reel, reel shaft, scissors, can opener, etc Developing B&W Film – Most important to know temperature of developer so you know how long to develop your film

Film & Print Processing Developer – Converts exposed silver in order to make the hidden image visible Stop Bath – Neutralizes and halts the developing process Fixer – Removes any unexposed silver particles allowing the image to be viewed in room light Wash – Eliminates any left over chemical residue Photo-Flo – Wetting agent that allows the film to dry faster and more evenly

Best Print Exposure Test Strips – Determines what is the best exposure time for each individual print Image Too Light – Larger f-stop opening (Ex. f-8 to f-5.6) – Increase time (Ex. 10 seconds to 15 seconds) Image Too Dark – Smaller f-stop opening (Ex. f-8 to f-11) – Decrease time (Ex. 10 seconds to 5 seconds)

Darkroom Techniques Dodging – Lighten an area by withholding light during initial print exposure Burning – Darken an area by adding more light after the initial print exposure Filters – Adds more contrast to a print – No. 5, higher contrast – No.2, lower contrast

Composition Rule of Thirds – Imaginary tic-tac-toe grid that emphasizes focal points to ensure a well composed image Balance – Arrangement of the elements and principles – Radial, symmetrical, asymmetrical Perspective – Different view points or angles Leading Lines – Helps to create focal points and movement – Directs your attention to a specific point

Image Exposure Bracketing – Deliberate over and under exposure of an image to ensure the best exposure is achieved Overexposed Image – Loss of highlight detail – Bright areas are washed out – Needs a longer exposure time, larger aperture Underexposed Image – Loss of shadow detail – Dark areas are very black or muddy – Needs a shorter exposure time, smaller aperture

Lighting Conditions Direct Light – Accentuates textures and shapes – May add more contrast, emphasis – Light directly hits subject, use of spot light Diffused Light – Shows off all objects – Can look soft, dull, 2-dimensional – Lighting that is already on location, no additional lighting added to the subject

Still Life What is the still life? – Arrangement of objects Four areas of still life photography are… – Close up – Everyday life – Product photography – Narrative

Sandwiched Negatives What is a sandwiched negative? – Two negatives combined together and printed on one sheet of paper How do you achieve the best results? – Higher contrast negatives – One image will appear in the shadows of another image because the shadow areas are less dense than the highlighted areas

The Oldest Camera Pinhole Camera – Basically a light proof box Shutter – Used manually within the pinhole camera – Opens and closes allowing light in to capture the image on the photographic film or paper

The Photogram How do you create a photogram? – Camera-less image – Created by placing objects on top of photographic paper underneath the enlarger and exposing to light Opaque objects – More solid – Will appear mostly as white objects Translucent objects – More see-through, transparent – Will achieve more values and gray tones within the objects