Documenting the Scene: Note Taking, Photographing, and Sketching

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Presentation transcript:

Documenting the Scene: Note Taking, Photographing, and Sketching Chapter 2 Documenting the Scene: Note Taking, Photographing, and Sketching

Field Notes Investigative notes are a permanent written record of the facts of a case to be used in further investigation, in writing reports, and in prosecuting the case. Detailed notes can make or break a conviction.

Record Information Who? What? Where? When? How?

How to Take Notes Don’t include words such as a, and, and the. Write legibly. Use standard abbreviations such as mph, DWI, and Ave.

Advantages of Photographs They can be taken immediately. They accurately represent the crime scene and evidence. They create interest and increase attention to testimony.

Disadvantages of Photographs They are not selective. They do not show actual distances. They may be distorted and damaged by mechanical errors in shooting or processing.

Commonly Used Photographic Equipment 35 mm camera Instant print camera Digital camera Press camera Fingerprint camera Video equipment

Advantages of Digital Cameras Elimination of time and expense involved in developing photographic film. Quickly adaptable as e-mail attachments. Easily incorporated into written reports. Record information about each photograph. Consistency.

What to Photograph Long-range pictures of the locality. Medium-range pictures of the immediate crime scene and location of objects of evidence within the area or room. Close-range pictures of specific evidence.

Photogrammetry Refers to the making of 3-D measurements of the real world directly from photographs for use in courts. Can accurately locate and measure any object appearing in two or more photographs. Can automatically orient photographs taken from awkward angles. Can correct for camera misalignment.

Types of Investigative Photography Surveillance Photography Aerial Photography Night Photography Laboratory Photography Mug Shots Lineup Photographs

Types of Laboratory Photography Microphotography – takes pictures through a microscope. Macrophotography – enlarges a subject. Laser-beam photography – reveals evidence indiscernible to the naked eye. Ultraviolet-light photography – uses the low end of the color spectrum to make visible impressions of bruises and injuries long after their actual occurrence.

Admissibility of Photographs in Court Photographs must be: Material, Relevant, Competent, Accurate, Free of distortion, and Non-inflammatory.

Crime Scene Sketches Accurately portray the physical facts. Relate to the sequence of events at the scene. Establish the precise location and relationship of objects at the scene. Help create a mental picture of the scene. Permanent record of the scene. Usually admissible in court.

Steps in Sketching the Crime Scene Observe and Plan Measure and Outline the Area Plot objects and evidence within the outline Record details Identify the sketch with a legend and scale Reassess the sketch File the sketch

Plotting Methods Rectangular-Coordinate Method Baseline Method Triangulation Method Compass Point Method Cross-Projection Method

Materials for Making Scale Drawings