Social Orienting Impairment in Autism: Relations Among Look Length, Disengagement, and Symptom Severity Lorraine E. Bahrick, James T. Todd, Mariana Vaillant-Molina,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Method Participants 184 five-year-old (M age=5.63, SD=0.22) kindergarten students from 30 classrooms in central Illinois Teacher ratings The second edition.
Advertisements

Methods Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder experience higher levels of stress in comparison to caregivers of typically developing children.
Dr Maria Giatsi Clausen
INFANTS’ PERCEPTION OF FACE-AFFECT RELATIONS IN MULTIMODAL EVENTS Melissa A. Shuman & Lorraine E. Bahrick Florida International University Introduction.
Figure 1. A Trial in the Old-Unpleasant IAT Task
Figure 1 Mean Visual Recovery (and SD) to a novel object for trials where the object was used correctly vs. incorrectly in a moving and static display.
5-Month-Old Infants Match Facial and Vocal Expressions of Other Infants Mariana Vaillant and Lorraine E. Bahrick Florida International University Abstract.
ASD and Development Patricia Rakovic Differences in language development in the child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) a. Joint attention b. Verbal.
Automated Language Environment Analysis (LENA) in Understanding Language Profiles in Young Children with Down Syndrome, Autism, and Typical Development.
Participants  Thirty-five children completed both waves of data collection (18 female, 17 male)  1 male was diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder between.
Copyright restrictions may apply JAMA Pediatrics Journal Club Slides: Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Bronchiolitis Florin TA, Shaw KN, Kittick M, Yakscoe.
Long-term Outcomes of an Interdisciplinary Weight Management Clinic for Youth with Special Needs Meredith Dreyer Gillette PhD 1, 2, Cathleen Odar Stough.
The Effects of Enhanced Milieu Teaching on Children with Down Syndrome
Babies at risk for autism: Why, how, and what (do we know)? Mark Johnson.
Social Anxiety and Depression Comorbidity Influences on Positive Alcohol Expectancies Amy K. Bacon, Hilary G. Casner, & Lindsay S. Ham University of Arkansas.
RESULTS INTRODUCTION Laurentian_University.svgLaurentian_University.svg‎ (SVG file, nominally 500 × 87 pixels, file size: 57 KB) Screening for Developmental.
Increasing Positive Affect and Social Responsiveness in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Adaptation of a Music-Based Intervention.
Discussion The Effect of Auditory Sensory Abnormalities on Language Development in Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder  Autism Spectrum Disorder.
Acknowledgments: Data for this study were collected as part of the CIHR Team: GO4KIDDS: Great Outcomes for Kids Impacted by Severe Developmental Disabilities.
Data were gathered from electronic medical records at an academic medical center. Subjects were included in the analyses if they were assessed using the.
Many children with speech-language impairment will have difficulty with reading. Even those children who begin kindergarten with adequate early literacy.
Participants Data corresponding to 660 young adults (50% female) who are participants in a larger ongoing longitudinal study of familial alcoholism were.
Ryoichi J. P. Noguchi, M.S., Michael M. Knepp, M.S., & Thomas H. Ollendick, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION METHOD  Studies of attention and memory have consistently.
Figure 1. Mean scores for Child Deviance controlled Figure 2. Mean scores for Child Affect controlled by pre-intervention scores. by pre-intervention scores.
Infant Discrimination of Voices: Predictions from the Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis Lorraine E. Bahrick, Robert Lickliter, Melissa A. Shuman, Laura.
Audiovisual Temporal Synchrony Directs Selective Listening in Four-Month-Old Infants Lorraine E. Bahrick, Melissa A. Shuman, & Irina Castellanos Department.
The authors would like to acknowledge the families at the Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin Jane P. Pettit Pain and Palliative Care Center. For more information,
Three-month-old Infants Recognize Faces in Unimodal Visual but not Bimodal Audiovisual Stimulation Lorraine E. Bahrick 1, Lisa C. Newell 2, Melissa Shuman.
Joint Attention Cues and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Developmental Delay, and Typical Development Rachel Petrak, Susan Risi & Catherine Lord.
The Broader Context of Relational Aggression in Adolescent Romantic Relationships Megan M. Schad, David E. Szwedo, Amanda Hare, Jill Antonishak, Joseph.
Infants’ Discrimination of Speech and Faces: Testing the Predictions of the Intersensory Redundacy Hypothesis Mariana C. Wehrhahn and Lorraine E. Bahrick.
Ta ble 3: R E S U L T S (C O N T.) ORGASM FUNCTIONING AND SEXUAL SATISFACTION: THE SELECTIVE PROTECTIVE VALUE OF GOOD RELATIONSHIPS Kyle R. Stephenson,
Electrophysiological Processing of Single Words in Toddlers and School-Age Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Sharon Coffey-Corina 1, Denise Padden.
Intersensory Perception and Attention Disengagement in Young Children with Autism Lisa C. Newell 2, Lorraine E. Bahrick 1, Mariana Vaillant-Molina 1, Melissa.
The Development of Basic Indices of Attention to Bimodal and Unimodal Social Events Across Infancy Lorraine E. Bahrick, Barbara M. Sorondo, Irina Castellanos,
Defining Autism IDEA: Autism is a developmental disability that affects children prior to the age of three in three areas: – Verbal and nonverbal communication.
Abstract Bahrick and Lickliter (2000) recently proposed an intersensory redundancy hypothesis that states that early in development information presented.
Abstract Prior research has demonstrated that young infants are able to perceive the affordance, or the potential for action, provided by the physical.
Bahrick, L. E. (1995). Intermodal origins of self-perception. In P. Rochat (Ed.), The self in infancy: Theory and research. Advances in Psychology Series.
Infant Perception of Object-Affect Relations Mariana Vaillant-Molina and Lorraine E. Bahrick Florida International University Presented at the Society.
The Role of Intersensory Redundancy in the Typical Development of Social Orienting Across Infancy: A New Hypothesis for Autism Lorraine E. Bahrick, James.
Development of Basic Indices of Attention to Nonsocial Events Across Infancy: Effects of Unimodal versus Bimodal Stimulation Lorraine E. Bahrick, James.
The Role of Multisensory Information in Infant Attention to Faces of Speakers Versus the Rhythm of Speech Lorraine E. Bahrick, Mariana Vaillant-Molina,
The Development of Face Perception in Dynamic, Multimodal Events: Predictions from the Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis Lorraine E. Bahrick, Robert Lickliter,
Infants’ Detection of the Affordances of Everyday Objects Katryna Anasagasti, Lorraine E. Bahrick, and Laura C. Batista Florida International University.
PET Count  Word Frequency effects (coefficients) were reliably related to activation in both the striate and ITG for older adults only.  For older adults,
General and Feeding Specific Behavior Problems in a Community Sample of Children Amy J. Majewski, Kathryn S. Holman & W. Hobart Davies University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee.
Intersensory Redundancy Facilitates Infants’ Perception of Meaning in Speech Passages Irina Castellanos, Melissa Shuman, and Lorraine E. Bahrick Florida.
Corresponding author: Ruth Raymaekers, Ghent University, Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Research Group Developmental Disorders;
Introduction Methods Conclusions The study was conducted through the West Virginia University Center for Excellence in Disabilities. Subjects completed.
Understanding Students with Autism. Defining Autism IDEA: Autism is a developmental disability that affects children prior to the age of three in three.
Conclusions  These results suggest that the relationship between mother pain catastrophizing and the provision of negative attention and activity restriction.
The Development of Infants’ Sensitivity to the Orientation of Object Motion: Predictions of the Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis Lorraine E. Bahrick.
From Managing Emotions to Improving Relationships: Higher Quality Best Friendships Predicted from Earlier Emotion Regulation. Elenda T. Hessel, Megan M.
Research Paper: The role of sensory processing in word learning in children at risk of autism By Tatjana Zeljic, MSc Ed. Neuroscience.
Services for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder – Minnesota’s New Benefit Age and Disabilities Odyssey Conference June 17, 2013.
This study was the first author’s honors thesis for Masters level Degree at Lancaster University. We want to thank the BabyLab at Lancaster University.
Association of Cognitive Outcomes and Response Status in Late Life Depression: A 12 Month Longitudinal Study David Bickford B.A., Alana Kivowitz B.A.,
Introduction Individuals with ASD show inhibitory control deficits that may be associated with the disabling repetitive behaviors characterizing this disorder.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by socio- communicative impairments, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests with cases ranging.
Romantic Partners Promotion of Autonomy and Relatedness in Adolescence as a Predictor of Young Adult Emotion Regulation. Elenda T. Hessel, Emily L. Loeb,
1 A Comparison of Motor Delays in Young Children: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Developmental Delay, and Developmental Concerns Beth Provost, Brian R. Lopez,
PEERS® for Adolescents Curriculum: Assessing the Role of
Children’s Perceptions of a Brief Group Cognitive Behavioral Intervention: Preliminary data and clinical implications1 Robert D. Friedberg, Ph.D., ABPP.
PARENTAL RECOGNITION OF EARLY SIGNS OF ASD IN VENEZUELAN CHILDREN Cecilia Montiel-Nava, María Soto, Mayte Marín, José A. Chacín, Zoila González-Ávila,
The Relationship of Early Intervention and Early Child Characteristics
Perceived versus Actual Knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Introduction Results Conclusions Hypotheses Method
AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER (ASD)
Presentation transcript:

Social Orienting Impairment in Autism: Relations Among Look Length, Disengagement, and Symptom Severity Lorraine E. Bahrick, James T. Todd, Mariana Vaillant-Molina, Barbara M. Sorondo, & Irina Castellanos Department of Psychology, Florida International University Eleven children with ASD ( M = 3.63 yrs; range = 2.75 – 4.92) and 11 TD children ( M = 2.06 yrs; range = 1.83 – 2.33) matched for functional age on the Adaptive Behavior Assessment Scale (TD: M = 2.11 yrs, SD =.53 and ASD: M = 2.12, SD =.79) were tested in the Behavioral Attention Assessment Protocol (Newell et al., 2007). In this procedure, children receive trials of a central stimulus (3 s) followed by two side-by-side peripheral events (10 s) along with the soundtrack to one event. On half the trials, the central stimulus remains on during the peripheral events (disengagement trials), while on the other half, it ends before the peripheral events begin (orienting trials). Blocks of trials depicted nonsocial (NS) events (objects striking a surface), social neutral (SN) events (women speaking with neutral affect), and social positive (SP) events (women speaking in IDS with positive affect). The proportion of available looking time, number of disengagements per minute, and average length of look to the peripheral events were calculated. Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) show impairments in social orienting, with slower times to orient and less looking to social as compared with nonsocial events (Dawson et al., 2004). Our prior study (Newell, Bahrick, Vaillant-Molina, Shuman, & Castellanos, 2007) investigated differences in attention in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children for social and nonsocial events in the presence versus absence of competing stimulation. Results revealed social orienting impairments in children with ASD. They showed reduced looking to social events (infant directed speech, IDS) but comparable looking to nonsocial events relative to TD children. Infant directed speech, particularly affectively positive IDS, exaggerates intersensory redundancy (rhythm, tempo, and intensity changes common to audible and visible stimulation). Intersensory redundancy is highly salient to humans and animals, especially in early development, and underlies the typical development of social orienting (Bahrick, in press; Bahrick & Lickliter, 2002). To more precisely characterize social orienting impairments in children with ASD and their relation to symptom severity, we explored in finer detail the nature of attention to social versus nonsocial events in children with ASD and TD children from our prior study. We expected that social orienting impairments in children with ASD would be reflected by more frequent disengagement and shorter looks to social events, particularly affectively positive social events. We also expected that greater symptom severity among children with ASD would be related to greater social orienting impairments. Method Bahrick, L. E. (in press). Intermodal perception and selective attention to intersensory redundancy: Implications for typical social development and autism. To appear in G. Bremner & T. D. Wachs (Eds.). Blackwell Handbook of Infant Development (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing. Bahrick, L. E., & Lickliter, R. (2002). Intersensory redundancy guides early perceptual and cognitive development. In R. Kail (Ed.). Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 30 (pp ). New York: Academic Press. Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., & Liaw, J. (2004). Early social attention impairments in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress. Developmental Psychology, 40, Newell, L. C., Bahrick, L. E., Vaillant-Molina, M., Shuman, M., & Castellanos, I.(2007, May) Intersensory perception and attention disengagement in young children with autism. Poster presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research, Seattle, WA. Group (TD, ASD) x event type (SN, SP, NS) x trial type (disengage, orient trials) ANOVAs were conducted on all three measures. Results of the ANOVAs indicated that, overall, children with ASD showed more disengagements per minute and shorter looks than TD children, particularly for social ( p s <.02), but not nonsocial events (see Figures 1 & 2). Children with ASD showed reduced overall looking to social positive events compared with TD children ( p =.02), but comparable looking times overall (see Figure 3). Analyses of symptom severity (measured by the Social Communication Questionnaire) revealed a significant negative correlation between severity and looking time to social positive events ( Pearson’s r = -.74, p <.01), with less looking associated with more symptoms. In addition, children with ASD with more symptoms (according to a median split) showed shorter looks ( p =.02) and more disengagements, particularly for social positive events ( p =.007; see Figures 4 & 5), and less overall looking to social positive events (particularly in the presence of competing stimulation) than children with ASD with fewer symptoms ( p s <.01; see Figure 6). Furthermore, children with ASD with more symptoms differed from TD children on all measures (overall looking time, disengagements, and average length of look, p s <.01), whereas those with fewer symptoms did not. Overall, these results demonstrate that children with ASD show social orienting impairments as indexed by less looking time, more disengagements, and shorter looks to social events, particularly affectively positive infant directed speech, but no difference in attention to nonsocial events as compared with TD children. Affectively positive events provide a great deal of intersensory redundancy, an important basis for social orienting in typical development (Bahrick, in press). Moreover, these effects were carried by children with ASD who showed greater symptom severity. Children with more symptoms showed increased social orienting impairments, particularly for affectively positive infant directed speech. Our findings suggest that impairments in ASD can be effectively indexed by measures of disengagement, look length, and overall looking time. These measures reflect important individual differences in attention underlying social orienting and may have implications for determining which children could best benefit from interventions of different types. Together, these findings suggest a link between symptom severity and intersensory processing disturbance in autism. Figure 1 Disengagements per minute as a function of diagnostic group (ASD, TD) and event type (SN, SP, NS) Figure 2 Average length of look as a function of diagnostic group (ASD, TD) and event type (SN, SP, NS) Figure 3 Proportion of available looking time as a function of diagnostic group (ASD, TD) and event type (SN, SP, NS) Presented at the International Meeting for Autism Research May 2009, Chicago, IL. This research was supported by a grant from Autism Speaks #1906, a grant from the Marino Research Institute, the University of Miami, and the Florida International University Foundation, Faculty Research Enhancement Award to the second author. MVM, BMS, and IC were supported by NIH/NIGMS R25 GM Figure 6 Proportion of available looking time as a function of symptom severity (High ASD, Low ASD, TD) and event type (SN, SP, NS) for disengage trials only. Figure 5 Average length of look as a function of symptom severity (High ASD, Low ASD, TD) and event type (SN, SP, NS). Figure 4 Disengagements per minute as a function of symptom severity (High ASD, Low ASD, TD) and event type (SN, SP, NS). SN SP NS SN SP NS ASD TD p <.05 p <.01 Main effect of diagnostic group: F (1, 20) = 10.90, p =.004 Main effect of event type: F (2, 40) = 6.86, p = Background Objectives Results Conclusion References p <.05 p <.01 SN SP NS SN SP NS ASD TD Main effect of diagnostic group: F (1, 20) = 16.59, p =.001 p <.05 p <.01 Main effect of event type: F (2, 40) = 13.25, p <.001 Diagnostic group x event type interaction: F (2, 40) = 4.82, p =.01 SN SP NS SN SP NS SN SP NS High ASD Low ASD TD p <.05 p <.01 Main effect of severity status: F (2, 19) = 10.88, p =.001 Main effect of event type: F (3, 38) = 7.45, p =.002 p <.05 p <.01 Main effect of severity status: F (2, 19) = 19.79, p <.001 p <.05 p <.01 Severity status x event type interaction: F (4, 38) = 2.77, p =.04 Severity status x event type x trial type interaction: F (4, 38) = 2.34, p =.07 SN SP NS SN SP NS ASD TD SN SP NS SN SP NS SN SP NS High ASD Low ASD TD SN SP NS SN SP NS SN SP NS High ASD Low ASD TD