STATEWIDE WORKSHOP ON THE CALIFORNIA MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS STANDARDS INCLUDING GREENHOUSE GASES August 23, 2007 Department of Environmental Protection Division of Air Resource Management

Executive Order  Establishes Immediate Actions to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions within Florida DEP to develop rules to achieve..... DEP to develop rules to achieve..... Adoption of the California motor vehicle emission standards in Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, effective January 1, 2005, upon approval by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of the pending waiver, which includes emission standards for greenhouse gases, submitted by the California Air Resources Board. Adoption of the California motor vehicle emission standards in Title 13 of the California Code of Regulations, effective January 1, 2005, upon approval by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency of the pending waiver, which includes emission standards for greenhouse gases, submitted by the California Air Resources Board.

EPA Waiver Issues EPA Waiver Issues  States follow the federal emission standards or adopt the California standards  Status of the California waiver request Waiver requested in December 2005 Waiver requested in December 2005 Discussion with EPA are on-going Discussion with EPA are on-going Waiver decision still pending Waiver decision still pending Potential for legal remedyPotential for legal remedy California want decision by October 2007California want decision by October 2007  Key court decision: Massachusetts vs. EPA: CO 2 considered a pollutant that could be regulated by EPA

What Does Adopting the California Standards Mean?  Adoption of California Emission Standards Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) program Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) program Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reductions Greenhouse Gas (GHG) reductions  States opting into the California program are adopting the identical California standards Can’t deviate in substantive aspects Can’t deviate in substantive aspects Prevents the hypothetical “3 rd ” vehicle Prevents the hypothetical “3 rd ” vehicle

Vehicle Emission Standards  Comparison of California Standards (commonly referred to as LEV II) to the federal standards (commonly referred to as Tier 2) California standards are more stringent California standards are more stringent California LEV II results in lower overall emissions compared to the federal standard. California LEV II results in lower overall emissions compared to the federal standard. California LEV II evaporative emission standards are more stringent than the federal standards California LEV II evaporative emission standards are more stringent than the federal standards California LEV II includes an optional Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program which promotes advanced vehicles (e.g., fuel cell vehicles, battery, California LEV II includes an optional Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) program which promotes advanced vehicles (e.g., fuel cell vehicles, battery,electric)

Vehicle Emission Standards (continued) California LEV II establishes fleet average based on Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG) standard. California LEV II establishes fleet average based on Non-Methane Organic Gases (NMOG) standard. Federal Tier 2 standard establishes fleet average based on oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) Federal Tier 2 standard establishes fleet average based on oxides of nitrogen (NO x )

Key Features of the California LEV II Requirements  Phase In-Schedule  Pollutants Regulated Criteria Pollutants Criteria Pollutants Precursors of ground level ozonePrecursors of ground level ozone NMOG (similar to VOC) NMOG (similar to VOC) NO x NO x Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO) Particulate Matter (PM)Particulate Matter (PM) Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)

Key Features of the California LEV II Requirements (continued)  Requirements Statewide fleet average emission standard Statewide fleet average emission standard Standards applicable to different vehicle classifications Standards applicable to different vehicle classifications California fleet average emission standards focus on NMOG California fleet average emission standards focus on NMOG  Types of Vehicles Regulated Passenger cars Passenger cars Light duty trucks Light duty trucks Medium duty vehicles up to 14,000 pounds Medium duty vehicles up to 14,000 pounds Technical classification Technical classification LEV – Low Emission VehicleLEV – Low Emission Vehicle ULEV – Ultra Low Emission VehicleULEV – Ultra Low Emission Vehicle SULEV – Super Ultra Low Emission VehicleSULEV – Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle

Key Features of the California LEV II Requirements (continued) Optional ZEV - categories that capture zero emission vehicles such as fuel cells, battery electric.ZEV - categories that capture zero emission vehicles such as fuel cells, battery electric. Amended to include Amended to include PZEV Partial Zero Emission VehiclePZEV Partial Zero Emission Vehicle ATPZEV Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicles (hybrid)ATPZEV Advanced Technology Partial Zero Emission Vehicles (hybrid)

Key Feature of the GHG Requirements  Pavley Law CARB adopted in 2004 CARB adopted in 2004 First law in the nation to address GHG, especially CO 2 First law in the nation to address GHG, especially CO 2  Date standards take effect Phase-in from 2009 through 2016 Phase-in from 2009 through 2016  Pollutants CO 2 CO 2 Methane (CH 4 ) Methane (CH 4 ) Nitrous Oxide (N 2 0) Nitrous Oxide (N 2 0)  Requirements Tailpipe emission CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O resulting directly from vehicle operation Tailpipe emission CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O resulting directly from vehicle operation CO 2 emissions from operating air conditioner systems CO 2 emissions from operating air conditioner systems Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) from air conditioner systems leakage Hydrofluorocarbons (HFC) from air conditioner systems leakage Upstream emission associated with fuel production Upstream emission associated with fuel production

California Emission Reductions  New vehicles in 2012 will have 22% lower GHG emissions compared to 2000  When standard fully implemented, new vehicles will have 30% lower GHG emissions California GHG EmissionsCalifornia GHG Emissions passenger vehicles climate change emissions will be reduced by 87,000 CO 2 equivalent tons per day in passenger vehicles climate change emissions will be reduced by 87,000 CO 2 equivalent tons per day in And by 2030, climate change emissions will be reduced by 155,000 tons per day And by 2030, climate change emissions will be reduced by 155,000 tons per day  Secondary benefit Reduce other pollutants in new vehicles Reduce other pollutants in new vehicles 12%-21% lower VOC emissions than the federal12%-21% lower VOC emissions than the federalstandard

Conclusions  California Rule Requirements LEV II LEV II GHG GHG  Choices ZEV ZEV Opt in/outOpt in/out partialpartial Implementation Implementation  Waiver Status

Comments  Implementation Compliance verification Compliance verification Phase-in schedule Phase-in schedule  Costs  ZEV choice  Data collection projections projections

Comments (continued)  Mail comments to:  Ms. Sandy Bowman  Division of Air Resource Management  Department of Environmental Protection  2600 Blair Stone Road  Tallahassee, FL  cc: Ms. Lynn Scearce, Rules Coordinator (same address)  Or to:  All comments are public records and will be posted on the Department’s website. FLDEP Climate Change website:

Distribution List  To receive updates on this project by , provide name, affiliation, and address to Ms. Lynn Scearce at: