1 If the Union must be dissolved slavery is precisely the question upon which it ought to break John Quincy Adams

2 Background of Abolitionists MishMosh of Beliefs Reformers.Reformers. –Saw slavery as a blight on American society and a roadblock to progress. –Mostly came from the middle-class, who were already reforming prisons, education, equality for women, mental health, government, and services for the poor. Susan B. Anthony

3 Background of Abolitionists MishMosh of Beliefs Political reasons.Political reasons. –Democrats protested the denial of political and civil rights to blacks. –By 1805, all of the Northern states had either outlawed slavery or set out gradual emancipation. –Northerners believed that the slave South was gaining power and trying to push north of the Missouri Compromise line. Map of US after MO Compromise an_0001_0002_0_img0141.jpg

4 Background of Abolitionists Key Terms Emancipation.Emancipation. –Freeing of slaves. An Emancipated Slave Abolition.Abolition. –The immediate and total end of slavery.

5 Abolitionist Opinions Colonization Benjamin Lundy.Benjamin Lundy. –Quaker publisher, tried to persuade Southerners to free their slaves. –Once freed, he explored the possibility of colonization in Canada or Haiti. Benjamin Lundy

6 Abolitionist Opinions Colonization 1817, American Colonization Society.1817, American Colonization Society. –Gradual emancipation of slaves, with freed slaves to be sent to colonies in Africa. –Founded the colony of Liberia. –Would be a long and expensive process. –Slave owners would have to voluntarily take a loss. Liberia

7 Frederick Douglas runaway slave self – educated wrote and spoke the evils of slavery

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9 Abolitionist Opinions Former Slaves: Frederick Douglass Background.Background. –Most well-known escaped slave. –Learned to read and write and mastered a trade while a slave. –Earned enough money from lectures and writing to send to his former master and legally purchase his freedom. Became part of the Massachusetts Anti- Slavery Society.Became part of the Massachusetts Anti- Slavery Society. –Would associate with leading abolitionists of the time period. Frederick Douglass

10 Freedom Child

11 Abolitionist Opinions Former Slaves: Frederick Douglass Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass.Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. –Freedom required not only emancipation, but also full social and economic equality. Frederick Douglass

12 Abolitionist Opinions Former Slaves: Frederick Douglass Changing opinions.Changing opinions. –Originally wanted emancipation by violent means. –Late 1840s, decides to break with the “radical abolitionists.” Believed that the Constitution needed to be upheld.Believed that the Constitution needed to be upheld. If it was not, then emancipation meant nothing because blacks would not be treated as equals.If it was not, then emancipation meant nothing because blacks would not be treated as equals. –Destroy slavery by working within the system. Frederick Douglass

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14 Abolitionist Opinions William Lloyd Garrison Assistant of Benjamin Lundy, would become a leading abolitionist.Assistant of Benjamin Lundy, would become a leading abolitionist. –Became leader of the radical view. –Wanted the immediate emancipation of slaves. –Did not care about the political, social, and economic consequences. William Lloyd Garrison

15 Abolitionist Opinions William Lloyd Garrison Refused to engage in political activity to end slavery.Refused to engage in political activity to end slavery. –Compromises have failed in the past. –Laws made to protect slavery were illegal under God’s law. Prepared to destroy the Union to gain their ends.Prepared to destroy the Union to gain their ends. William Lloyd Garrison iam_garrison.jpg/250px-William_garrison.jpg

16 Abolitionist Opinions William Lloyd Garrison Garrison was so radical that he burned the Constitution.Garrison was so radical that he burned the Constitution. –Called it an “agreement with Hell.” William Lloyd Garrison

17 Abolitionist Opinions William Lloyd Garrison The Liberator.The Liberator. –Key abolitionist newspaper. –Extremely controversial in both the North and the South. –Would be banned in the South. –Set out the reasons for abolition in a graphic manner. William Lloyd Garrison

18 Abolitionist Opinions William Lloyd Garrison Importance of Garrison.Importance of Garrison. –Did not have many followers, but opened up new views on abolition. –Abolition was not a reform movement, but a revolution. –Achieving racial equality, not just ending slavery, will lead to the true goal: full justice for blacks. Saw blacks as true equals.Saw blacks as true equals. Supported the efforts of female abolitionists and the women’s rights movement.Supported the efforts of female abolitionists and the women’s rights movement.

19 Harper’s Ferry (1859) led by John Brown wanted to free slaves stormed the arsenal convicted of treason and murder Bought attention to slavery again

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21 Slave Resistance 1.“SAMBO” pattern of behavior used as a charade in front of whites [the innocent, laughing black man caricature – bulging eyes, thick lips, big smile, etc.].

22 Slave Resistance 2.Refusal to work hard. 3.Isolated acts of sabotage. 4.Escape via the Underground Railroad.

23 Runaway Slave Ads

24 Slave Rebellions Throughout the Americas

25 Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South 1822 Gabriel Prosser 1800

26 Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

27 Southern Pro-Slavery Propaganda

28 Follow the Drinking Gourd

29 A. Underground Railroad 1.not underground 2.not a railroad

30 3. What was it? a)a system of loosely organized group of people working against slavery and for freedom b)Approximately 100,000 slaves escaped on the Underground Railroad c)operated from early 1800s through the Civil War

31 4. Special Terms a)conductors – people who helped guide escaping slaves to freedom i.most famous: Harriet Tubman b)stations – safe house (hiding places) c)Heaven, Promise Land, Canaan= Canada d)Passengers, Cargo – fugitive slaves e)station masters – person in charge of the hiding places f)Big Dipper / North Star were used

32 5. Maps were not used... –routes were passed on through songs and quilts –Follow the Drink Gourd

33 Quilt Patterns as Secret Messages The Monkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.

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