Unit 8 The Pre-modern Urbanization in China and the East Asia

Cultural Conflicts: Asian Cities and Western Civilization  The internal trading circle before the invasion of Western Powers “Tribute Trade” in East Asia and the harbor cities; Limited trade with people outside the EA circle: Arabians & Europeans  Resistance against Western Cultures in early times Political resistance: strict blockage of the coast; isolation policy; discriminative foreign treatment----leading to military conflicts; Cultural resistance: persecution and banishment of missionaries; stick to traditional doctrine: governance, education, activities; Economic resistance: prohibition of free trade; confined trading areas and cities

Colonization and Treaty Ports  The Opium War and the fall of Chinese Empire Opium trade and the invasion of Britain Navy (1840); The decline of East Asian civilization and the new changes inside Asian countries  Concept of East Asian Colonies Subordinate relations (W powers and E colonies); Unequal treaties of the defeated countries (China, India) ; The negotiate treaties of the yielded countries (Japan, Thailand) Ningbo Port

The Opened Treaty Ports in China Hong Kong Shanghai

Asian Cities Influenced by Colonization  Active roles Changes seen in urban space, structure and policies: Public transport (bus, railways), public buildings (hospital, bank, church), life-style (newspaper, movies, illumination, sanitation); administration (municipal council, role-by-law society)  Negative roles Changes of urban social structure: colonization and the lose of political rights (unequal treaty: sovereignty, jurisdiction, economic independence); social segregation (urban space, extraterritoriality);

Main Colonial Cities in China

Foreign Settlements in Tianjin City British American Russian French

Colonization of Vietnam Cities  French Colony in Vietnam Invasion and the opening of Vietnam ports( ); Colonial cities: Saigon(1862), Danang(1883), Hanoi (1884)  Stagnation of urban development Construction of an agricultural base for grain supply; Backward industry and puppet banking system  Military construction & cultural domination Strengthening of the military ports (Danang, Nha Trang) ； Reform of writing system and French education in schools

Colonial Cities in Vietnam Colonial Cities in Vietnam (French Settlement)

Western Civilization and Japanese Reform  Isolation and Opening Western merchants & trading ports (Nagasaki, Hakodate, Kobe) ； Invasion of US Navy and the opened cities (Yokohama)  Meiji Reformation and urban renewal Capital construction and New Era of Japan (Tokyo and Meiji Government); Modern civilization and new social changes; Urban system under Western influence (policeman system, weekdays, life-style and publication)  Pre-modern Japanese cities Public transport (railways) and infrastructure (street lighting); Urban architecture and entertainment (ballroom) ； Modern industries and education facilities (girls school) Western style building building

Colonial Cities in Japan Nagasaki Yokohama Kobe

Meiji Reform and Modernization Parliament Tokyo Station Party Hall

Japanese Invasion and Construction of Colonies in Neighboring Countries  Aggressive wars and plunders Sino-Japanese War （ 1894 ） : establishment of Gold Standard; Colonization of Taiwan and Shandong Peninsular ； Russian-Japanese War and the occupation of North-east China  Construction of colonial cities in EA Korean colonies (Seoul, Pyongyang, Pusan) ； Chinese colonies (Changchun, Shenyang); The puppet “Manchu Kuo State”: the capital Changchun

Japanese Colonies in China Yantai Taiwan Shanghai Shenyang

The False Manchu Kuo State

Manchu Kuo State under Japanese Empire The State Council The Foreign Ministry

Railway System in Korea during Japanese Occupation

Colonial Cities in Korea

Japanese Buildings in Korea Japanese Bank Korea palace and Japanese Governor’s Hall

About the Examination 2012 （ Autumn ） International Students Examination Paper The Shape and Growth of Town & Village in China Name School/College of Tongji University registered in Nationality Sex ID number Structure of the paper Reference  1. Books or Journals  2. Academic papers (minimum 10)  3. Urban maps (photos)  4. Private research/collection Dead Line Jan.4, 2013

Requirements of the Paper  About a city (village) in your country;  Development Mechanism (without much about the history or the famous scenic sites);  Spatial Structure and the special background (geographical, economic, political……);  Cultural Features (architecture, church, main events…..) that influence the development of the city/village;  Potentials for future development  A4 ×4-5 (map and photo not counted)