Wind Turbine Blade Design

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Presentation transcript:

Wind Turbine Blade Design Joseph Rand The Kidwind Project joe@kidwind.org 877-917-0079

A look inside. Blades are a very important component (duh!) Things to note as compared to Small Wind Turbines Blades can be actively pitched by hydraulics. Spin at 12-20 RPM --- much slower than a small wind turbine Large driveshaft attached to a gearbox….must go from 12-20 RPM to 1600 RPM for the generator. Generator creates electricity. Small Wind Turbines use vanes (typcally) to track the wind…they uses and anemometer and hydraulics to move the turbine. Highly computerized and automated….senses conditions and can turn itself off if there is a problem. Often connected by computers to one location and run from there.

Many Different Rotors… Various rotor configurations… all used to convert wind into usable energy. Why do the rotors differ so greatly? Why have we come to use the typical 3-blade rotor in nearly all industrial wind turbines today? KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

Number of Blades – One Rotor must move more rapidly to capture same amount of wind Blades easier to install because entire rotor can be assembled on ground Captures 10% less energy than two blade design Ultimately provide no cost savings

Number of Blades - Two Advantages & disadvantages similar to one blade Capture 5% less energy than three blade designs

Number of Blades - Three Balance of gyroscopic forces Slower rotation increases gearbox & transmission costs More aesthetic, less noise, fewer bird strikes

Blade Composition Wood Strong, light weight, cheap, abundant, flexible Popular on do-it yourself turbines Solid plank Laminates Veneers Composites

Blade Composition Metal Steel Heavy & expensive Aluminum Lighter-weight and easy to work with Expensive Subject to metal fatigue

Blade Construction Fiberglass Lightweight, strong, inexpensive, good fatigue characteristics Variety of manufacturing processes Cloth over frame Pultrusion Filament winding to produce spars Most modern large turbines use fiberglass

KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org These “scimitar” shaped blades are designed to be efficient while also reducing NOISE coming off the blades. Since this is a downwind rotor there are more variables to consider… downwind turbines can be noisier and experience turbulent wind going around the tower. KidWind Project | www.kidwind.org

Lift & Drag Forces The Lift Force is perpendicular to the direction of motion. We want to make this force BIG. The Drag Force is parallel to the direction of motion. We want to make this force small. α = low α = medium <10 degrees α = High Stall!!

Airfoil Shape Just like the wings of an airplane, wind turbine blades use the airfoil shape to create lift and maximize efficiency. The Bernoulli Effect

Twist & Taper Speed through the air of a point on the blade changes with distance from hub Therefore, tip speed ratio varies as well To optimize angle of attack all along blade, it must twist from root to tip Fast Faster Fastest

Some Wacky Ideas…

Advanced Classroom Blades Cardboard Tube for twisted blades Airfoil Blades

Wind Turbine Blade Challenge Students perform experiments and design different wind turbine blades Use simple wind turbine models Record performance with a multimeter or other load device Goals: Produce the most voltageMinimize Drag Maximize LIFT Harness the POWER of the wind!

Questions?