Canada and the World Community Global Village Developed Countries Newly Industrializing Countries Developing Countries Least Developed Countries HDI

Global Village term commonly used to describe the societal and cultural effects of telecommunications Marshall McLuhan (1960s) http://archives.cbc.ca/arts_entertainment/media/topics/342-1814/ electronic communication shrinks distances, while increasing opportunities for talk and cross-cultural sharing

How would you group countries? Population size Life expectancy Wealth Education level Food supply Health care

Life Expectancy at birth (years) over 80 77.5-80 75-77.5 72.5-75 70-72.5 67.5-70 65-67.5 60-65 55-60 50-55 45-50 under 45 not available Life Expectancy at birth (years) PowerPoint presentation http://www.gapminder.org/downloads/life-expectancy-ppt/

Infrastructure

Garbage Collection Significant difference between developed and developing countries: Developed countries have strict rules and procedures in place regarding garbage disposal and violators are fined heavily. Proper management of garbage is a strong indicator of a developed society.

Levels of Development Developed Developing Least Developed Newly Industrializing (BRIC) http://www.worldbank.org/depweb/beyond/global/chapter3.html

More developed Less developed Least developed

What factors increased life expectancy? How did the population of the world change since 1750?

Case Study: Soap How do you bring soap to a population of 1.4 bn, 70% of whom earn less than 1$ a day? Sell it in Sachets (small packages, like ketchup) Case of C.K. Ranganathan Read Watch

Developed Countries Highest level of economic and social development Even the poorest in these countries live well compared to those in developing countries Economies are based on the service sector – e.g. education, health care, banking, transportation and info technology Manufacturing less important Primary industries (agriculture, fishing, forestry) are least important 20% of the world’s population Use most of the world’s resources Examples: Canada, U.S.A., most of Europe

Developing Countries Lowest level of economic and social growth Economies dominated by primary industries, especially agriculture Citizens earn little cash income; production is for their own use or trade Few pay taxes so little money for government services Rely on foreign aid Examples: most of Africa and many Asian countries

Cell Phones If you were Blackberry, where would you look? Developing countries have fewer cellphones per capita than developed ones, but growing quickly Most phones in developing countries are mobile and digital Image http://www.economist.com/node/14483896 World Bank data http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.CEL.SETS.P2

Least Developed Countries 48 least-developed countries on UN list 31 are WTO members Low Income based on gross national income (GNI) per capita (a three-year average estimate under $750) Human resource weakness based on nutrition, health, education and adult literacy Economic vulnerability, including instability, economic smallness and the percentage of population displaced by natural disasters http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/cdp/ldc/ldc_list.pdf http://www.un.org/special-rep/ohrlls/ldc/ldc%20criteria.htm

Least Developed Countries (UN) http://africagreenmedia.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/pr12040f1_en.jpg http://www.unohrlls.org/en/ldc/related/62/

Newly Industrializing Countries Emerging economies Have been achieving economic growth rates that are greater than that of the developed countries Transitioning to Developed Country characteristics BRIC Examples: Brazil, Russia, India, China

Human Development Index A yearly comparison of the development of nations around the world - A combined measure of 3 major areas: 1. Health (Life expectancy, Infant Mortality, etc.) 2. Standard of living (GDP per person, public debt, etc.) 3. Knowledge (Literacy Rate, enrolment rates in school, etc.)

Some HDI Indicators GDP (Gross Domestic Product): Total value of goods and services produced within a country Life Expectancy: Average lifespan of the population Literacy Rate: Rate of the population that has the ability to read and write Food Supply: Amount of energy (food) adequate to sustain the population Doctors per Person

The 2009 HDI Map

Videos The best and the worst list of 2013

Gender Inequality Index Introduced in the 2010 Human Development Index report major barrier to human development How would you measure? Labor Market Empowerment: share of parliamentary seats held by each sex secondary and higher education attainment levels Health: maternal mortality ratio adolescent fertility rate https://data.undp.org/dataset/Table-4-Gender-Inequality-Index/pq34-nwq7

The Countries Where Women Have the Best Lives, in Charts How would you measure this? http://cdn.theatlantic.com/static/mt/assets/international/feelsafest%20byincome.png

Toronto – the best? Read the article and answer the questions Discuss