Chapter 6 Section 1

 Republic  Patrician  Plebian  Tribune  Consul  Senate  Dictator  legion  Hannibal

 All roads lead to Rome  Rome was not built in a day  When in Rome do as the Romans do  How did a tiny city grow into a major power?

 Large boot shaped  Sticks out into Mediterranean  Midway between eastern and western Mediterranean  North protected by high mountains  Sea provides protection

 Ruled by Latin kings  Etruscans ruled northern Italy  Metalworkers and jewelers  Influenced by the Greeks

 Middle of peninsula  Romulus and Remus  Latins arrived around 1000 BC  Location of Tiber River  Easy access to trade route  Easy access to the sea

 Built first walls and sewers  Arch, building techniques  Alphabet and number system  System of government  Gladiator games  Sculpture and painting

 Republic-elected officials governed ruled  Patricians –heads of aristocratic families  Controlled every aspect of society  Maintained power through a patronage system

 Plebeians- common people  Plebeians refuse to fight in 494 BC  Patricians gave them rights  Plebian Council  Elect officials like the Tribune

 Tribunes job to protect plebeians  Veto- to stop or ban  Forum- where Roman laws were displayed  12 Tables was a victory for plebeians  Judges were forced to obey

 Constitution- a political structure  Senate – a body of 300 members  Various assemblies- where all citizens could vote  Magistrates took care of laws

 Consuls-chief executive Elected for 1 year Head of army and navy  Censors next in line of power Recorded city’s population How much property people had Filled Senate vacancies

 Praetors-or judges  Act as Consuls when they were away at war  Had system of checks and balances Each part of government could constrain the other

 Thriving and vibrant  Forum- the public square  Rich lived at Palatine  Popular place for shopping and gossip  Farming and land ownership noblest way to make money

 Senators banned from any other career than with land  Dictator-office with unlimited power  Cincinnatus gave up power to return to farming

 Military might All men 17 to 46 required to serve in time of war Organized into legions Centurions- commissioned officers Command 100 men  Well trained highly disciplined

 265 BC controlled all of Italy  Few conditions on subjected people  Had to provide troops to Rome  Next was Sicily  Came into conflict with Carthage

 264 BC war between Rome and Carthage Hannibal led elephants across alps to invade Italy Hannibal dominated the Italian countryside Single battle kills or injures 50,000 Romans

 Hannibal- ravaged Italy and defeated every army  Rome placed a siege on Carthage  Hannibal withdrew  3rd time Rome won  Destroyed Carthage  Enslaved population

 Greeks sought alliance with Rome  Macedonia, Persia, Egypt fought each other  Greeks and Romans defeated them  Romans later annexed Greece

 Romans adopted a lot of Greek culture  Roman art and architecture  Famous works of Romans are copies of Greek pieces  Borrowed religion  Zeus became Jupiter

 Romans thought Rome should be pure  Dislike Greek influence  Tried to keep Greek styles out of Roman buildings