Chapter 6 Section 1 Notes

509 B.C. 264 B.C. 218 B.C. 44 B.C. A.D. 284 A.D. 476 Ancient Rome and Early Christianity, 500 B.C. – A.D CHAPTER Time Line 500 B.C.A.D. 500 HOME Rome becomes a republic. In the Second Punic War, Hannibal invades Italy. Diocletian, who will divide the Roman Empire, becomes emperor. The First Punic War with Carthage begins. Conspirators kill Julius Caesar. Western Roman Empire falls with the ouster of the last emperor, Romulus Augustulus.

I. The Beginnings of Rome

A. Geography

1.Rome located on the Tiber River and the Palatine Hill

2. Two major mountain ranges

a. Alps to the North 15,771 ft

b. Apennine running up the spine of Italy 10,000 FT

3. Boot located in the Middle of the Mediterranean Sea

4. Southern Europe

B. 753B.C. Romulus and Remus

1. Twin sons of Mars and a Latin princess

2. Raised by a she- wolf

C. Three groups make up the Romans

1. Etruscans to North

2. Latins along the Tiber River

3. Greeks in the South

II. The Early Republic ( Public Affairs )

A. Latin's and Etruscans start the Republic in 509 B.C. Taks Date Must Know

1. A form of government in which power rest with citizens who have the right to vote to select the leaders

2. Only free born males had citizenship

B. Patricians were the rich land owners

1. Patrician officials were called consuls

a. Two consuls ran the government

1.Commanded the army and directed the government

C. Plebeians were the common farmers, artisans and merchants

1. Plebeian officials were called tribunes

D. Law of the Twelve Tables

1. Hung in the Forum for all to see

2. Made laws fair for all

E. Senate aristocratic branch of the government

1. Had legislative and administrative ( executive ) duties

members at first

3. Centuriat Assembly appointed the consuls made up of patricians / military

4. Later the Tribal Assembly made up of plebeians elected tribunes

F. In times of crises a dictator would rule for a six month term

G. The Roman Army

1. Basic fighting unit was called a Legion 5000 men

III. Rome Spreads its Power

A. Three phases to Roman expansion

1. The boot of Italy

2. Wars with Carthage

a. Punic Wars started in 264 B.C.

b. First Punic War was for the grain fields on Sicily

1. Rome wins, loses 100,000 men in Mediterranean

c. Second Punic War

1. Fought over Carthage coastal colonies in Spain and France

2. Rome wins

d. Third Punic War

1. Hannibal general of Carthage

2. Fabian Roman general

a. Fabian Policy

1. Wait and See

3. Scipio The Elder Roman general who defeats Hannibal at the Battle of Carthage

3. The Third Phase was a Domino Effect in the east

a. Each city-state was offered Roman protection

b. Each city-state had to give a tribute of tax, grain, and men