Cloning. What is cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism or cell through nonsexual means.

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Presentation transcript:

Cloning

What is cloning? Cloning is the process of making a genetically identical organism or cell through nonsexual means.

3 main types of cloning technology: 1.Reproductive cloning - Technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal.

2. DNA cloning aka: recombinant DNA technology, molecular cloning, or gene cloning aka: recombinant DNA technology, molecular cloning, or gene cloning the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism into a segment of DNA that can copy itself. (Plasmid) the transfer of a DNA fragment of interest from one organism into a segment of DNA that can copy itself. (Plasmid)

3. Therapeutic Cloning Aka: embryo cloning Aka: embryo cloning The production of human embryos for use in research. The production of human embryos for use in research. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease. The goal of this process is not to create cloned human beings, but rather to harvest stem cells that can be used to study human development and to treat disease.

Uses for Cloning Reproductive cloning also could be used to repopulate endangered animals or animals that are difficult to breed. Gaur cloned in 2001 Mouflon cloned in 2001

Reproductive cloning can be used to make multiple copies of award-winning plants or animals or organisms that have been genetically engineered.

DNA cloning allows scientists to copy a particular gene for study. Bacteria have been used to produce: Insulin for diabetics Insulin for diabetics Clotting factors for hemophiliacs Clotting factors for hemophiliacs Human growth hormone Human growth hormone Leptin Leptin parathyroid hormone parathyroid hormone interferon interferon

Therapeutic cloning technology may be used some day in humans to produce whole organs from single cells or to produce healthy cells that can replace damaged cells in degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's.

How is cloning performed? Two methods for reproductive cloning: 1. Artificial embryo twinning 2. Somatic cell nuclear transfer

DNA Cloning:

Therapeutic Cloning

Are clones identical?