Bellwork Answer on a sheet of notebook paper! Which organ system exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the external environment? A muscular B immune C digestive D respiratory

Need to Know Explain one benefit and one harmful effect of inflammation in our bodies’ organ systems. Use complete sentences and cite evidence from the text to explain your answer.

Objectives Explain the basic functions of a major organ system. (SPI ) 42. Nervous and Endocrine Systems (one page)

Nervous System (pg ) The nervous system acts as the body’s central command post. Two basic functions: 1.Gather and interpret information from inside your body and from the world outside. 2.Respond to that information as needed. Two parts of the nervous system: 1.Central nervous system (CNS)- brain and spinal cord 2.Peripheral nervous system (PNS)- connects all parts of the body to the CNS and uses nerves to carry information between your body and the CNS.

Nervous System (pg ) Peripheral Nervous System: Messages about your environment travel through the nervous system along neurons. A neuron is a nerve cell that is specialized to transfer messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy or impulses.

Nervous System (pg ) Peripheral Nervous System: A nerve is a collection of nerve fibers (axons) through which impulses travel between the CNS and the other parts of the body. A message from the brain travels down the spinal cord, then along the axon of a motor neuron inside a nerve to the muscle. The message makes the muscle contract.

Nervous System (pg ) Central Nervous System: The brain is the mass of nerve tissue that is the main control center of the nervous system. Three main parts of the brain: 1.Cerebrum- largest part of the brain where you think and where most memories are stored; controls voluntary movements and allows you to sense touch, light, sound, etc. 2.Cerebellum- second largest part of the brain that allows the brain to keep track of your body’s position, such as balance. 3.Medulla- connects to your spinal cord and controls involuntary processes, such as blood pressure and heart rate.

Nervous System (pg ) Central Nervous System: The spinal cord carries information to and from the brain. Vertebrae protect the spinal cord.

BrainPop- NervousNervous

Endocrine System (pg ) The endocrine system is a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis. A gland is a group of cells that make special chemicals for the body. A hormone is a chemical messenger that flows through the bloodstream to all parts of the body. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is released from the adrenal gland, which increases your heartbeat and breathing rate. When you are frightened, angry, or excited, this “fight-or-flight” response prepares you to fight the danger or run from it.

BrainPop- Endocrine

Drawings For each body system, draw and color at least one organ that belongs in that body system. For example: –Nervous System= brain, spinal cord, nerves –Endocrine System = the different glands Use your textbook pictures or the sample sheet in the folder at your group.

Human Body Books

Interesting Facts Nervous System: Male canaries sing a new song every year. Male canaries replace old brain cells related to song production with new neurons each spring. In the spring, the brain-cell clusters associated with vocalization grow larger. So, males compose their new melodies and females learn to recognize the males by their new songs. Long-term memory enables us to recall events that happened to us long ago. These memories can be triggered by a stimulus, such as a song or a smell, or they can be deliberately recalled. Recalling memories helps us to refresh them and makes them last a lifetime. Fainting is often caused by suddenly low blood pressure and insufficient blood flow to the cerebrum. Endocrine System: Epinephrine occurs naturally in the body, but it is also administered as a drug by doctors. It can be injected into the heart to help revive a person who has suffered from a heart attack. The pancreas makes two different hormones, insulin and glucagon. If the pancreas does not make enough insulin, the person will have a condition called diabetes. Another hormone imbalance is when a child’s pituitary gland doesn’t make enough growth hormone.