Theories are: Abstractions Constructions Evaluated according to their usefulness not their truthfulness.

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Presentation transcript:

Theories are: Abstractions Constructions Evaluated according to their usefulness not their truthfulness

Two elements of Theories Concepts Definitions

Traditional Ideal: six concepts Hypothesis Operationism Control: Measurement, Validity, Reliability Covering Laws Prediction

Theories change in 3 ways: Extension Intension Revolution

Differences The study of differences in theories is called Metatheory: Meta means after

3 major areas of metatheory Epistemology--nature of knowledge Ontology--nature of being Axiology--place of values

Epistemology Does knowledge exist before experience? How certain can knowledge be? Is knowledge in parts or whole?

Two Major Views of Knowledge Worldview I: empiricist and rationalist Worldview II: interpretive

Six Criteria for Evaluating Theories Scope Appropriateness Heuristic Value Validity Parsimony Openness

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