Economic & Political Characteristics of Australia, the Pacific Islands and Antarctica Francisci WG.4

Isolation Australia, the Pacific Islands and Antarctica are isolated from the rest of the world. – Air and water travel are essential to bring goods and services to these regions. – The interior of Australia (called the outback) depends heavily on air travel.

Economic Activities The dry and semi-dry (steppe) areas of Australia are well suited for cattle and sheep ranching. Ranching and mining are very important (primary) economic activities in Australia and New Zealand.

Environmental Balance Both Australia and New Zealand have unique species found in these areas only (kangaroo, koala). – The introduction of non- native species of plants and animals into the ecosystem has upset the environmental balance in both countries. – For example, the existence of a non-native rabbit in Australia can disrupt the food chain.

Communication Systems Australia is centered in the Asia-Pacific region and has developed strong financial and communication systems (tertiary activities). – Communication systems have expanded to enable Australia, the Pacific Islands and Antarctica to better communicate with the world.

Antarctica Treaty Antarctica is Earth's only continent without a native human population. The Antarctica Treaty was created in 1959 by twelve countries whose scientists had been active in and around Antarctica. – The treaty demilitarized Antarctica and established the continent as a haven for scientific study.