Self-serving Bias

Attribution theory - Self-serving bias 1 An alternative version of the theory of the self-serving bias states that the bias does not arise because people wish to protect their private self-esteem, but to protect their self-image (a self-presentational bias)

Attribution bias - Self-serving bias 1 A self-serving bias refers to people's tendency to attribute their successes to internal factors but attribute their failures to external.Darity, W.A

Attribution bias - Self-serving bias 1 Therefore, the self-serving bias seems to function as an ego-protection mechanism, helping people to better cope with personal failures.

Causal attribution - Self-serving bias 1 An alternative version of the theory of the self-serving bias states that the bias does not arise because people wish to protect their private self-esteem, but to protect their self-image (a self-presentational bias)

Actor–observer asymmetry - Self-serving bias 1 The self-serving bias is often formulated as a complete reversal in actors' and observers' explanation tendencies as a function of positive vs

Self-serving bias 1 Some more modern research, however, has shifted focus to physiological manipulations, such as emotional inducement and neural activation, in an attempt to better understand the biological mechanisms that contribute to the self- serving bias.

Self-serving bias - History 1 Miller and Ross conducted a study in 1975 that was one of the earliest to assesses not only self-serving bias but they looked at the attributions for successes and failures within this theory.

Self-serving bias - Laboratory testing 1 These attributions are assessed by the researchers to determine implications for the self-serving bias.

Self-serving bias - Neural experimentation 1 Some more modern testing employs neural imaging techniques to supplement the fundamental self-serving bias laboratory procedures. Neural correlates of the self- serving bias have been investigated by electroencephalography (EEG), as well as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These procedures allow for insight into brain area activity during exhibition of a self-serving bias, as well as a mechanism to differentiate brain activity between healthy and clinical populations.

Self-serving bias - Naturalistic investigation 1 Retrospective performance outcomes can be used in investigation of the self-serving bias. An example of this is reported company performance followed up by self-report of outcome attributions. These self-report attributions can then be used to assess how successes and failures are viewed by company employees and executives. This method can be used for numerous outcome variables to determine the presence or absence of the self-serving bias.

Self-serving bias - Motivation 1 Two types of motivation affect the self-serving bias: self-enhancement and self-presentation

Self-serving bias - Locus of control 1 Airplane pilots with an internal locus of control were likely to exhibit a self-serving bias in regard to their skill and levels of safety.

Self-serving bias - Gender 1 Studies have shown a slight discrepancy in males' and females' use of the self-serving bias. In self-report surveys investigating partner interactions of romantic couples, men tended to attribute negative interactions to their partners more than women did. This is evidence that men may exhibit the self- serving bias more than women, although the study did not look at positive interaction attributions.

Self-serving bias - Age 1 Older adults have been shown to make more internal causal attributions for negative outcomes. Differential attribution style at different ages indicates that the self-serving bias may be less likely in older adults. These older adults who attributed negative outcomes to more internal factors also rated themselves to be in poorer health, so negative emotional factors may confound the found age effects.

Self-serving bias - Culture 1 No consensus has been reached on cross-culture influences on the self-serving bias, though some systematic differences do seem to be present, especially between Western and non-Western cultures.

Self-serving bias - Role 1 Actors of a task exhibit the self-serving bias in their attributions to their own success or failure feedback, whereas observers do not make the same attributions about another person's task outcome

Self-serving bias - Self-esteem and emotion 1 Coleman concluded that the two emotions of guilt and revulsion lead to a drop in self- esteem, and thus a reduction in the use of the self-serving bias.

Self-serving bias - Self-awareness and probability of improvement 1 However, they will engage in self-serving bias, attributing failure externally when they perceive a low probability of improvement

Self-serving bias - Interpersonal relations 1 Strangers exhibited the self-serving bias in responsibility attributions, but friends tended to make joint attributions for both success and failure

Self-serving bias - Workplace 1 Results showed that the self-serving bias was present in negative outcomes, and that greater interpersonal distance from group members increased blame for negative outcomes

Self-serving bias - Classroom 1 Studies in both lab and field settings have shown both teachers and students hold self-serving biases in regard to outcomes in the classroom

Self-serving bias - Computer technology 1 This finding combined with what is known about the self-serving bias in interpersonal relations indicates that consumers that use a computer to buy products will take personal credit for successful purchases but blame the computer for negative purchase experiences

Self-serving bias - Sports 1 So, other sports of this nature may show similar results, but other team sports or sports with more ambiguous outcomes may not show the same pattern for the self-serving bias.

Self-serving bias - Depression 1 It has been suggested that the negative mood within depressed individuals as well as their self-focused attention explains why clinically depressed populations are less likely to exhibit the self-serving bias than normal populations.

Self-serving bias - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) 1 The self-serving bias has been investigated by the Functional magnetic resonance imaging|fMRI method in normal populations

Forer effect - Self-serving bias 1 The study concluded that the self-serving bias is powerful enough to cancel out the usual Forer effect.

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