Social Beliefs and Judgments Chapter Three

Explaining others Attribution Theory –Dispositional vs. situational attributions –Inferring traits –Commonsense attributionsCommonsense attributions –Information integration

Explaining others (cont.) The fundamental attribution error (FAE) Explaining the FAE –Perspective and situational awareness The actor-observer difference Time effects Self-Awareness –Cultural differences

The FAE (cont.) How fundamental is the FAE? –Is it really that bad or is it just a bias? –Correspondence bias - seeing behavior as corresponding to an inner disposition –Effects of fundamental attribution Socially Politically Legally

Constructing interpretations and memories Perceiving and interpreting events –The subjectivity of perception Belief perseverance –Persistence of one’s initial conceptions

Constructing interpretations and memories (cont.) Constructing memories –Reconstructing past attitudes –Reconstructing past behavior –Reconstructing our experiences The “misinformation effect” Priming

Judging others Intuition Judgmental overconfidence Heuristics –Representative heuristic –Ignoring base-rate information –The availability heuristic

Judging others (cont.) Illusory thinking –Illusory correlation –Illusion of control Mood and judgment Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.6 of 16

Self-fulfilling beliefs Teacher expectations and student performance Getting from others what we expect Copyright © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.7 of 16

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