Perception and Communication Chapter 3. The Process of Human Perception Perception: the active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and.

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Presentation transcript:

Perception and Communication Chapter 3

The Process of Human Perception Perception: the active process of creating meaning by selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, events, situations and other phenomena

Selection We select to attend to certain stimuli based on a number of factors:  The qualities of the phenomena  Self-indication  Our motives and needs  Culture

Organization Constructivism – we organize and interpret experience by applying cognitive structures called schemata  Prototype  Personal construct  Stereotype  Script

Interpretation The subjective process of explaining our perceptions in ways that make sense to us Attributions  Locus  Stability  Specificity  Responsibility

Interpretation Continued Attributional Errors  Self-serving bias  Fundamental attribution error Fundamental attribution error

Influences On Perception Physiology Age Expectations Culture  Social location  Roles

Influences On Perception Continued Cognitive abilities  Cognitive complexity  Person-centeredness Self

Implicit Personality Theory A collection of unspoken and sometimes unconscious assumptions about how various qualities fit together in human personalities

Guidelines for Improving Perception And Communication Recognize that all perceptions are partial and subjective Avoid mind reading Check perceptions with others Distinguish between facts and inferences Guard against the self-serving bias Guard against the fundamental attribution error Monitor labels

The Ladder of Abstraction