Focus On EATING DISORDERS

Eating Disorders CCHS reports that 3.8% of Canadian girls and women (aged 15 to 24) were at risk of eating disorder. Thirty percent of girls in grade nine and ten had tried to lose weight in the last year. Public Health Agency reports that 3% of women will be affected by eating disorders in their life time. Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

What Are Eating Disorders? When the emotional aspects of food and eating overpower the role of food as nourishment, an eating disorder may develop. They involve a persistent disturbance in eating patterns or other behaviors intended to control weight. They affect physical and nutritional health and psychological functioning. Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Categories of Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa Self-starvation Bulimia nervosa Bingeing or binge eating followed by purging Eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) Abnormal behaviors that do not fit the above two categories, such as binge-eating disorder Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Diagnostic Criteria for Eating Disorders Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

What Causes Eating Disorders? Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

The Role of Genetics in Eating Disorders Certain genes may predispose a person to developing eating disorders. Examples: Levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin may contribute to the behavior of anorexia and bulimia. A defect in melanocortin 4 receptor gene may be linked to binge-eating disorders and obesity. A single gene may not be the sole cause. Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Common Psychological Issues in Eating Disorders People with eating disorders often have low self-esteem. They are often perfectionists. They try to use their relationship with food to gain control over their lives and boost their self-esteem. Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Societal Messages About the Ideal Body Sociocultural and economic factors are important triggers for the onset of eating disorders. The sociocultural ideals about body size are linked to body image and the incidence of eating disorders. The view of an ideal body differs across cultures and has changed throughout history. People with eating disorders usually have a distorted body image. Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Body Ideal in Modern America Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Tips to Maintain a Healthy Body Image Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Anorexia Nervosa Psychological issues  Overwhelming fear of gaining weight  Disturbances in body image Anorexic behavior  Restricting type  Binge-eating/purging type Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Anorexia Nervosa Physical symptoms Weight loss Mental and physical symptoms of starvation Treatment Resolving the psychological and behavioral problems Providing for physical and nutritional rehabilitation Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Bulimia Nervosa Psychological issues  Intense fear of becoming fat  Negative body image and distorted perception of body size  Usually socially isolated Bulimic behavior  A pattern of semi-starvation interrupted by periods of gorging  Nonpurging bulimia  Purging bulimia Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Bulimia Nervosa Physical complications of bulimia: Purging by vomiting brings many problems to the body systems. Laxative and diuretic abuse can cause dehydration and electrolytes imbalance. Treatment: Separating eating from emotions and from perceptions of success Promoting eating in response to hunger and satiety Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Binge-Eating Disorder Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Binge-Eating Disorder Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Eating Disorders in Special Groups Eating disorders in men Much less than in women On the rise Certain groups at more risk Less likely to seek treatment Eating disorders during pregnancy Cause harm to the mothers and babies A common problem is pica Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Eating Disorders in Special Groups Eating disorders in children More common in late adolescence and early adulthood Prevalence is increasing in younger children in the U.S. More girls than boys are affected Delayed growth and sexual maturation Other symptoms similar to those of adult patients Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Eating Disorders in Special Groups Eating disorders in athletes Higher prevalence in female athletes Higher prevalence in certain sports Anorexia athletica Compulsive exercise Female athlete triad Disordered eating Amenorrhea Osteoporosis Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Eating Disorders in Special Groups Eating disorders and diabetes May be more common, particularly in those who take insulin, than in the general public The treatment regimentation may contribute Many similarities between patients with diabetes and those with eating disorders Focus on food, diet and body weight Control a central issue Guilty feelings if goals not met Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Summary of Other Eating Disorders Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Summary of Other Eating Disorders Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Preventing and Getting Treatment for Eating Disorders Recognizing the risks Getting help for a friend or family member Reducing the prevalence of eating disorders Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.

Copyright Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Access Copyright (The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency) is unlawful. Requests for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his or her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The author and the publisher assume no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.. Copyright 2012, John Wiley & Sons Canada, Ltd.