Knowledge Economy of Social Sciences in India: A Case of Economics BINO PAUL GD, TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Key elements for discussion  Knowledge as public, quasi, private goods  Author and Institutional Concentration  Social network of authors Role of social network or Knowledge output is also a function of social interaction Does this social interaction of authors follow a particular pattern?

Literature and Context of the study Knowledge Economy of Social Sciences in India: A Case of Economics Concentration in KnowledgeOutput Cox and Chung (1991) Hodgson and Rothman (1999) Bino et al. (2005) Role of Social network in KnowledgeGranovettor(1985) Cowan and Jonard (1999) Klamer and Van Dalen (2002 ) Testing of small world Barabasi and Bonabeau (2003) Goyal et al (2006) (Economics ) Economics of Growth Solow (1956) Romer (1990)

Does geography matter in knowledge production Did the emergence of new technologies affect the structure of knowledge activity? Link between social network of authors and citations How does the Indian network look different from the broader international network? An illustration of Indian Economics Major questions?

 Data for the present study comes from six leading economics journals in India- IER, IEJ, IJAE,JQE, AV, IESHR (Krishna & Bino, 2009)  The network database consists of authorship for forty years from (most extensive database)  Authorship for each article and conference proceedings are compiled for each journal separately  The entire data base is divided into four windows; , , and Sample and source

 The network database consists of authorship publications for forty years from  We start with a simple network framework: Social network is defined as a set of nodes and a set of lines.  Each publishing author is considered as a node and two authors are connected by a line if they have co-authored.  We assume that coauthorship relation is nondirectional Network Framework (Social Network of authors)

Results Journal Total Papers Single-authored Two authors Three authors Four or more authors Source: Krisha & Bino (2009)

Total authors Size of the network (Percentage) 244 (27.3) 437 (35.7) 496 (37.3) 626 (50.2) DegreeDistribution (%) Source: Krishna & Bino (2009) Results

Sparse co-authorship network source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

Size of the Giant Component for the Period Stage 1: Developing stage (low Cliqueshness) Average Distance 4.71 Source: Krishna & Bino (2010)

: More dense network, Source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

Size of the Giant Component for the Period Stage of High Cliqueshness, more integrated, less number of structural holes, Source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

Questions? Why does the Indian network look different from the broader international network?

Share of Top Three Institutional Contributors to Indian Journals, 2005 Journals and Period Rank 1Rank 2Rank 3Total IER ( )Delhi School of Economics Institute of Economic Growth Indian Statistical Institute* IEJ ( )University of Bombay University of Delhi Delhi School of Economics JQE ( ) Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research Reserve Bank of India Institute of Economic Growth, Monash U, U of California IJAE ( ) Punjab Agricultural University Indian Agricultural Research Institute Indian Institute of Management, Ahmadabad 19.1 IESHR ( ) University of Delhi Delhi School of Economics Jawaharlal Nehru University Source: Krishna & Bino (2009)

Magnitude of concentration in economic journals in India

Distribution of Paper by Number of Citation, Source: Bino & Krishna (2010)

Author Distribution in EPW

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