DO NOW 1.Class Requirements? If you didn’t get them taken care of make a note of it RIGHT NOW 2.In your opinion who is the world’s best leader, alive or dead, real or fictional.

HOMEWORK FOR NEXT CLASS  Crash Course Video Sheet  John Green talks fast so you might have to pause and rewind some, I do.  Watch the video labeled “Venice and the Ottoman Empire Crash Course World History #19” on my website  Focus on the Ottomans and what you can relate to today’s class  Complete the Crash Course Video Template

THE OTTOMANS

WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, & HOW

WHO  The Ottomans were decedents from the Mongols and they were followers of Osman  The thought of themselves as ghazis or warriors for Islam  They formed a society that followed a strict Islamic code of conduct.

WHERE  They are going to occupy the land between the Byzantine Empire and Muslim Lands  This land was Anatolia, which is where Turkey is today.

WHAT They invaded and took over part of the Byzantine Empire- the world’s most powerful empire at the time.

WHEN  1300’s

HOW  Osman was a very successful ghazi who built a small Muslim state in Anatolia  Those who followed him were called Ottomans  The Ottomans expanded by buying land, forming alliances, and conquering others  They had a strong military because of gunpowder, muskets, and they were the first to use cannons.

WHAT ARE SOME WAYS THAT THE OTTOMANS EXPANDED?

WHAT TECHNOLOGY DID THE OTTOMANS HAVE THAT MADE THEM SUPERIOR

RULE UNDER ORKHAN I  The second leader was Orkhan I  He called himself sultan-overlord or the one with power  Under Orkhan I they took over Adrianople  The Ottomans were fair to those they took over  Muslims had to serve in the army and make contributions required by their faith.  Non-Muslims did not have to serve in the army but had to pay taxes instead

WHY DO YOU THINK THE OTTOMANS WERE FAIR TO OTHER RELIGIONS?

TIMUR THE LAME HALTS EXPANSION  The Ottoman Empire was attacked by warriors from Central Asia led by Timur the Lame.  He was called Timur the Lame because of an arrow injury to his leg  He stopped the expansion of the Ottomans

FIGHT TO THE DEATH  After Timur the Lame left, the four sultan’s sons fought over who would be next to rule  Mehmed I won and ruled until his death followed by his son Murad II  Murad II expanded into Hungary and the Balkans

MEHMED II  Mehmed II aka Mehmed the Conqueror was next to rule.  He wanted to take over Constantinople

WHY THERE?  Constantinople controlled the Bosporus Strait.  Whoever controls this waterway controls trade between Asia and the Balkans.

WHY WAS CONSTANTINOPLE IMPORTANT?

HOW DID HE TAKE IT OVER?  His army used cannons to break city walls  They could not get to it by water because a chain across the Golden Horn between the Bosporus Strait and the Sea of Marmara blocked them  At night Mehmed’s army dragged 70 ships over land to the other side of the harbor.  They took over the city 7 weeks later.

HOW DID THE OTTOMANS TAKE OVER CONSTANTINOPLE?

WHAT HAPPENED ONCE IT WAS CONQUERED?  Under Mehmed’s rule Constantinople was open to all religions.  They rebuilt the city and changed the name to Istanbul

SELIM THE GRIM  Mehmed’s grandson, Selim the Grim was the next ruler  Under his rule he expanded into Persia, Syria, Palestine, and North Africa

SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVER  Selim the Grim’s son  A.K.A. Suleyman the Lawgiver and Suleyman the Magnificant  He was such a great military leader that under him the empire was the biggest.  Since the empire was so big he had to figure out a way to control it.  He took the empire and broke into small nations called millets.  Each millet could have their own religious laws and practices but they were overseen by a governor assigned by the Sultan who reported back to him.  He also created unified laws and a simpler tax system which is why he got his nickname.

EXPLAIN HOW SULEYMAN MADE THE EMPIRE EASIER TO CONTROL

SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVER  To increase the army Suleyman used the devshirme system.  This was when the Ottomans took boys from conquered christian territories, educated them, converted them to Islam, and trained them to be soldiers.  Becoming a devshirme was an easy was to gain a high position in the government and the military.  Many Christians actually bribed government officials to take their children for the devshirme.  He also created an elite force of soldiers that were loyal to the SULTAN only. They were called janissaries.

WHY WOULD PARENTS WANT THEIR KID TO BE APART OF THE DEVSHIRME?

WHY IS THE JANNISARIES A GOOD IDEA ON SULEYMAN’S PART?

SULEYMAN THE LAWGIVER  Suleyman was a great leader expect when it came to his kids.  Suleyman killed his ablest son, drove another into exile, leaving just his incompetent son Selim II left to rule.  His son had been locked away so he did not know the laws, how the tax system worked, and anything about the people in his kindgom.  For whatever reason Suleyman set the tone for later sultans to gain and hold power.

O P T I C

GROUP ACTIVITY  Each group will be assigned a sultan from the Ottoman Empire  Your group must create a political advertisement either for or against that sultan  It must include 1.Group members’ names 2.Your sultan’s name 3.Whether you are for of against them 4.A few brief phrases convincing you audience why they should be for or against this sultan 5.A picture 6.A separate piece of paper with everyone’s name explaining why you chose the position that you did. Turn the paper in to the INBOX.

EXAMPLES

HOMEWORK FOR NEXT CLASS  Crash Course Video Sheet  John Green talks fast so you might have to pause and rewind some, I do.  Watch the video labeled “Venice and the Ottoman Empire Crash Course World History #19” on my website  Focus on the Ottomans and what you can relate to today’s class  Complete the Crash Course Video Template