New Industries in the 1920’s Decline and Creation

Todays Lesson 1.You will learn that there was a huge decline in some war time industries because of a change in demand 2.You will also learn that as the war came to an end New industries emerged in Scotland 1.You will learn that there was a huge decline in some war time industries because of a change in demand 2.You will also learn that as the war came to an end New industries emerged in Scotland

TASK: Produce a mind map showing the decline of each of Scotland’s main industries after WWI Shipbuilding – Battleships were no longer needed and orders dried up. This led to huge rises in unemployment on the Clyde in the 1920s and early 1930s Jute (cloth) – Jute was no longer needed in such large quantities and the industry went into decline. On top of this, it had foreign competition as cheaper jute was available in India and could be shipped once more Farming – Prices had risen during the war and went back down after it ended. There was still a demand for food so this industry didn’t suffer as much as the ‘heavy’ industries Coal/Iron/Steel – Coal enjoyed a short boom in the 1920s though the price went down from 4 pound to 1 pound per ton, affecting wages. – Steel and iron were heavily affected by the lack of need for arms – By the 1920s, 100,000 men were permanently unemployed in Scotland Shipbuilding – Battleships were no longer needed and orders dried up. This led to huge rises in unemployment on the Clyde in the 1920s and early 1930s Jute (cloth) – Jute was no longer needed in such large quantities and the industry went into decline. On top of this, it had foreign competition as cheaper jute was available in India and could be shipped once more Farming – Prices had risen during the war and went back down after it ended. There was still a demand for food so this industry didn’t suffer as much as the ‘heavy’ industries Coal/Iron/Steel – Coal enjoyed a short boom in the 1920s though the price went down from 4 pound to 1 pound per ton, affecting wages. – Steel and iron were heavily affected by the lack of need for arms – By the 1920s, 100,000 men were permanently unemployed in Scotland

New Industries Central Scottish Electricity Grid was built and a number of companies such as the Clyde Valley Power Company. There was also the development of the diesel engine. Lancefield works (now Glasgow Quay!) Glasgow firms also turned their hand to making cars, such as Arrol Johnston and Halleys, Central Scottish Electricity Grid was built and a number of companies such as the Clyde Valley Power Company. There was also the development of the diesel engine. Lancefield works (now Glasgow Quay!) Glasgow firms also turned their hand to making cars, such as Arrol Johnston and Halleys,

1.Describe the 3 new industries built in Scotland in the 1920s ‘Scotland’s industries went into decline after WWI. There were few jobs to be had and no replacement for the ‘heavy’ industries’ 2. How fully does this statement explain the situation of Scottish industry after 1914? (4 marks) ‘Scotland’s industries went into decline after WWI. There were few jobs to be had and no replacement for the ‘heavy’ industries’ 2. How fully does this statement explain the situation of Scottish industry after 1914? (4 marks)

Now that the war was over there was much to do in Scotland to make it a working peace time economy. This was not going to be an easy task. Read what Professor Devine thinks about the situation “Such was the extent of concentration on munitions in the nation’s industrial heartland that it left behind a difficult legacy in the post-war world. Instead of moving into light engineering, consumer products and chemicals, the war not only continued but intensified the dominance of shipbuilding, steel and heavy engineering within the Scottish economy, a development which significantly increased its vulnerability as global demand for the products they made collapsed in the 1920’s.” 1.Why did the war cause problems in Scottish industry? 2.Why would demand for heavy industry products stop in the 1920s?

1 - Describe the economic difficulties faced by Scotland after (National 5 5 marks) 2 - Why was there a decline in Scotland’s main industries after 1918? 3 - What effect did this decline have on unemployment within Scotland? 1 - Describe the economic difficulties faced by Scotland after (National 5 5 marks) 2 - Why was there a decline in Scotland’s main industries after 1918? 3 - What effect did this decline have on unemployment within Scotland?

Scotland faced several other problems when it came to industry.  Local iron ore supplies were exhausted (used up)  Coal mining declined as reserves were used up or considered too expensive to mine  Competition from other countries that produced cheap coal, iron and steel and ships  Unhelpful location e.g. Ravenscraig, the last big steelworks, was inland and therefore had extra costs in transporting the iron ore and coal by rail  Shipbuilding yards were built on water that was too shallow and the Clyde was too narrow to launch modern, very large ships e.g. supertankers by the 1950s National 5 -- Explain why heavy industry declined after world war one. 5marks  Local iron ore supplies were exhausted (used up)  Coal mining declined as reserves were used up or considered too expensive to mine  Competition from other countries that produced cheap coal, iron and steel and ships  Unhelpful location e.g. Ravenscraig, the last big steelworks, was inland and therefore had extra costs in transporting the iron ore and coal by rail  Shipbuilding yards were built on water that was too shallow and the Clyde was too narrow to launch modern, very large ships e.g. supertankers by the 1950s National 5 -- Explain why heavy industry declined after world war one. 5marks

Textile mills and the cotton industry faced similar problems. MW Flynn, a historian gave four reasons for the decline of the cotton industry.  Failure to adopt new machinery like the automatic loom which other countries used.  Problems with workers, they were not keen to change to working in shifts  Foreign competition, India and Japan who had bought British textiles now produced their own.  Competition from new materials like nylon replaced cotton. 1.Who do you think was at fault for the decline in the textile industry? Explain your answer.  Failure to adopt new machinery like the automatic loom which other countries used.  Problems with workers, they were not keen to change to working in shifts  Foreign competition, India and Japan who had bought British textiles now produced their own.  Competition from new materials like nylon replaced cotton. 1.Who do you think was at fault for the decline in the textile industry? Explain your answer.

What are the new industries? Where are most of the new industries located? Why is that a better place than Scotland? (think proximity to population) What are the new industries? Where are most of the new industries located? Why is that a better place than Scotland? (think proximity to population)

Task Complete your shipbuilding booklets for Tuesday as homework – all point should be answered in sentences Ski trippers– complete booklet for return date Thursday Feb 12 th Essays will be returned next Wednesday February 4th Complete your shipbuilding booklets for Tuesday as homework – all point should be answered in sentences Ski trippers– complete booklet for return date Thursday Feb 12 th Essays will be returned next Wednesday February 4th