US Army Corps of Engineers BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNING FUNDAMENTALS Planning Principles & Procedures – FY11

BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNING FUNDAMENTALS OUTLINE  Step-by-step process  Iteration  Criteria and other tools  Analyses  Public involvement and interdisciplinary team

BUILDING STRONG ® ITERATION  Repeat  What? Steps.  Why? Different emphasis to reflect stages of process.  How many times? Depends.  When do you stop? When there’s a recommendation.  What about Adaptive Management?

BUILDING STRONG ® ITERATION  It would be nice if the planning process were always sequential, but…  Start at any step.  Conduct and repeat steps, but not necessarily always in order -- don’t panic!   Conduct each step at least once.  Always end at the last step – a recommendation.

BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNERS’ TOOLBOX  Criteria  Planning area  Period of analysis  Problem  Opportunity  Goal  Objective  Constraint  “Without” condition  “With” conditions  Management measure  Alternative plan  Effect (impact)

BUILDING STRONG ®  Criterion… n. pl. -teria… A standard rule or test on which a judgment or decision can be based. [Greek kriterion, a means for judging, standard, from krites, a judge, umpire, from krinein, to separate, choose.]” CRITERIA

BUILDING STRONG ® CRITERIA  What Decisions? ► pass/fail, retain/delete, yes/no, go/no go ► priority, rank, order, more/less  When? ► early - “screening” decisions ► late - “selection” decision  Where do criteria come from? ► given - “four criteria”, “scoping” (i.e., significant issues related to proposed action) ► unique to each study  Identify criteria BEFORE you make a decision.

BUILDING STRONG ® WHAT DO WE “SCREEN” WITH CRITERIA?  Stakeholders to be involved  Problems and opportunities to be addressed  Information to be collected  Future without project assumptions to be used  Management measures to be evaluated  Effects to be considered  Plan to be recommended - SELECTION

BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNING AREA  Geographic space that includes: ► Study authority area ► Stakeholders’ jurisdictions ► Problem and opportunity areas ► Project areas (aka, project “footprint”) ► Affected areas (direct, indirect, cumulative)

BUILDING STRONG ® PERIOD OF ANALYSIS  Period of analysis ► Begins at the base year ► Principles and Guidelines = 100 years ► Corps’ Planning Guidance = 50 years ► Used for discounting $ value of benefits & costs over time  Not the same as: Design / Project life  In perpetuity ► e.g., authorization, budgeting, obligations & responsibilities

BUILDING STRONG ® ANALYSES  With and Without Analysis  Benefit-Cost Analysis  Cost Effectiveness Analysis  Incremental Cost Analysis  Optimization Analysis  Trade-Off Analysis  Sensitivity Analysis  Risk Analysis

BUILDING STRONG ® PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT: WHO’S THE PUBLIC?  Sponsor, partner, customer, client  Stakeholder ► Any party affecting failure or success of project  “The public”  Internal public  Elected official

BUILDING STRONG ® WHAT’S AN IDEAL TEAM?  Name the 5 most important people to have on the team.  How many hours per month should team members be together in one place as a team? (160 work hours per month)  What are the 3 most important characteristics for team success?

BUILDING STRONG ® NAME THE FIVE MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM

BUILDING STRONG ® 5 MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM:

BUILDING STRONG ® 5 MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM:  Leader

BUILDING STRONG ® 5 MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM:  Leader  Thinker

BUILDING STRONG ® 5 MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM:  Leader  Thinker  Doer

BUILDING STRONG ® 5 MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM:  Leader  Thinker  Doer  Writer

BUILDING STRONG ® 5 MOST IMPORTANT PEOPLE TO HAVE ON YOUR TEAM:  Leader  Thinker  Doer  Writer  Presenter

BUILDING STRONG ® TEAM MEMBERS BRING TO THE TABLE:  Expertise  Affiliation  Talent  Personality  Values

BUILDING STRONG ® NUMBER OF HOURS PER MONTH THAT TEAM MEMBERS SHOULD BE TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE AS A TEAM:

BUILDING STRONG ® NUMBER OF HOURS PER MONTH THAT TEAM MEMBERS SHOULD BE TOGETHER IN ONE PLACE AS A TEAM: 8-40

BUILDING STRONG ® 3 MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS FOR TEAM SUCCESS:

BUILDING STRONG ® 3 MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS FOR TEAM SUCCESS:  Communication

BUILDING STRONG ® 3 MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS FOR TEAM SUCCESS:  Communication

BUILDING STRONG ® 3 MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS FOR TEAM SUCCESS:  Communication

BUILDING STRONG ® Teams and the PMP  Recall, the PMP defines the scope, schedule, and cost of a Corps investigation.  Who develops the PMP? The team.  PMP development can be a team building/partnering exercise  No standard format/length – PMPs, much like teams, are all inherently different  Standard content of PMP: tasks, costs, schedules.  Standard content of a team: individuals.  Effective team communication is a prerequisite of a good PMP and team success.

BUILDING STRONG ® PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM SIMILARITIES  Why do them? ► Required! ► Talent Pool  “Facts” vs. Informed Judgments vs. Personal Values  Position vs. Interest  Techniques PEOPLE

BUILDING STRONG ® PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM SIMILARITIES  Why do them?  “Facts” vs. Informed Judgments vs. Personal Values  Position vs. Interest  Techniques PEOPLE

BUILDING STRONG ® TECHNIQUES  Flip chart technology  Individual assessment instruments  Public and team meetings  Brainstorming  Nominal group exercise  Large group response exercise  Questionnaires  Advisory committees  Partnering  Alternative dispute resolution  Samoan Circle

BUILDING STRONG ® PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM SIMILARITIES  Why do them?  “Facts” vs. Informed Judgments vs. Personal Values  Position vs. Interest  Techniques PEOPLE

BUILDING STRONG ® PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND INTERDISCIPLINARY TEAM THREE GOOD QUESTIONS:  What are the problems and opportunities?  What are the solutions?  What are the solutions’ pros and cons?

BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNING FUNDAMENTALS LESSON REVIEW  Step-by-step process  Iteration  Criteria and other tools  Analyses  Public involvement and interdisciplinary team

BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNING FUNDAMENTALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Q- What do mean mean by “iteration”?  A – Repeat the planning steps.  Q – What do we do with criteria?  A – Use them as a standard rule or test on which a judgment or decision can be based.

BUILDING STRONG ® PLANNING FUNDAMENTALS LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Q – What are the similarities between public involvement and the interdisciplinary team?  A – Both involve people, and ► Have similar reasons for doing them ► Involve facts, judgments and values ► Involve positions and interests ► May use the same techniques

BUILDING STRONG ®