Who’s Who of GLOBAL II

Directions: Identify the unit this person came from Who they are (name) What did they accomplish? What were they apart of? What impact did they have?

Copernicus, Galileo & Newton

Scientific Revolution Scientific Revolution: Science and logic were used to explain how the world worked – people longer turned to the bible and the Catholic church for answers

Copernicus, Galileo & Newton Copernicus: Astronomer, developed the Heliocentric theory (idea that planets revolve around the sun) Galileo: Astronomer who proved Copernicus correct - put on trial by the Catholic church Newton: Mathematician and astronomer who helped developed calculus and the theory of gravity

Locke, Montesquieu & Rosseau

The Enlightenment Period in European history when REASON was used to understand and improve society. Also known as the Age of Reason

Locke, Montesquieu & Rousseau Locke: People have natural rights (life, liberty and property) Montesquieu: Power should be divided into 3 branches – separation of powers and checks and balances. Rousseau: Society is a social contract (all people agree to work for the common good of society)

Louis XVI, Napoleon & Robespierre

The French Revolution Event in which the people of France overthrew King Louis XVI and fought for more rights

Louis XVI, Napoleon & Robespierre Louis XVI: Overthrown by the people and was executed Napoleon: Ruler who came to power at the end of the French Revolution, Napoleonic Code and crowned himself Emperor Robespierre: Leader of the Jacobins (extremist group) during the Reign of Terror

Bolivar, San Martin & L’Overture

Latin American Revolutions Events where the colonies of Latin America (Central America, South America and Caribbean) fought to gain independence from Spain, Portugal and France

Bolivar, Martin, L’Overture Toussaint L’ Overture: Haitian, Ex-slave, protested by setting plantations on fire Jose de San Martin: Creole from Argentina - Liberated Peru, Argentina and Chile from colonial rule Simon Bolivar: Creole from Venezuela - Liberated present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia and Ecuador

Marx & Engels

Industrial Revolution Change from producing goods by hand to producing goods with machines in factories

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels These two men believed laissez faire capitalism was bad Wrote the Communist Manifesto – all of history has been about class struggles Ideas of Marx and Engels became the foundation of Communism

Commodore Matthew Perry

Opening of Japan From Japan was largely isolated and wanted little contact with the rest of the world

Commodore Matthew Perry Perry, from the US, sailed into Japan in order to open up the country to trade. Meiji Restoration: Emperor Meiji modernized and westernized Japan to AVOID BEING COLONIZED!

Czar Nicholas, Lenin & the Bolsheviks

Russian Revolution: Event where the people of Russia overthrew the Czar and created a new government

Lenin, Bolsheviks & Czar Nicholas II Czar Nicholas: Ruler of Russia, people thought he abused his power by denying the rights of the people Lenin & the Bolsheviks: Lenin was the leader of this radical group – gained support from the people by promising land, peace and bread – Brings Communism to Russia

Gandhi

Decolonization of India By the end of WWI in 1919, India had been a colony of Great Britain for almost 200 years. Post WWI, India began to increase its demands for independence

Mohandas Gandhi Nationalist leader who fought for independence from Great Britain using NON- VIOLENT methods – Salt March – Boycott of English goods – Homespun Movement

Stalin, Hitler & Mussolini

Totalitarian Dictatorships Post WWI, totalitarian dictatorships were established in 3 countries under 3 men Characteristics of totalitarian dictatorships: – Censorship – One political party – People were expected to put the needs of the state before their own – Used propaganda to influence people’s thoughts

Mao Zedong & Deng Xiaoping

Communism in China 1949: China became the second country in the world (after the Soviet Union) to adopt communism

Mao Zedong & Deng Xiaoping Mao Zedong: – First communist dictator of China – Gained support of peasants – Modernized China through his plan THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD and – Used violent young communists to eliminate all opposition – CULTURAL REVOLUTION Deng Xiaoping: – Ruler after Mao Zedong – Changed Chinese economy to a market economy from a command economy (The Four Modernizations) – Called in the army to end the Tiananmen Square protests

Gorbachev & Yeltsin

Collapse of Communism in the Soviet Union Between , the Cold War ended and Communism disappeared from Europe

Mikhail Gorbachev & Boris Yeltsin Mikhail Gorbachev: – Soviet leader who help bring Communism to an end in the Soviet Union – Perestroika: changed Soviet economy from command to market – Glasnost: allowed freedom of speech within the Soviet Union Boris Yeltsin: – First democratically elected President in the history of Russia