Sonam Pem

Presentation Content 1. Country Context 2. Types of Social Transfer 3. Policy and Legal Framework 4. Targeting and Delivery Mechanisms

Country Context: Bhutan Area: : 38,394 sq km Arable land : 2.8% Forest Cover : 72.8% Population : 716,896 Population Growth Rate : 1.175% Sex Ratio at birth M (s)/F : 1.05 Economy: GDP (PPP) : $4.342 billion Agriculture : 16.7% Industry : 45.4% Services : 37.9% Poverty Rate : 23.2% Stunting Rate : 37 % (under 5 yrs) Underweight : 11% Wasted : 5%

Types of Social Transfer Social Transfer Network Cash Based Social Transfer Cash Transfer: Scholarship to un- employed youth Food Transfer. School Feeding Program National Work Force (NWF) In-kind Social Transfer Asset and Input Transfer Transfer of Agricultural and Livestock Inputs Structure/Housing/OSFS Land and NR (CF) Grants: Lump sum grant-time of disaster, accident Granting kidu State welfare to poor: It is a social protection system, accorded by His Majesty the king and the government.

Objectives of Social Transfer Objectives of Social Transfer Social- Transfer ObjectivesScaleTypes of TransferFund Granting Kidu (State Welfare to Poor) Social protection & security, Improve livelihood Nationwide- Extreme poverty Land, Cash, Food & Shelter State/ kidu fund Transfer of Agricultural & Livestock inputs RNR sector (Economic) growth, Reduce poverty, Improve livelihood, Enhance production/productivity, Self sufficiency Nation-wide, with special focus on poor groups Improved cattle breeds, AI facilities, breeding bulls, seeds/seedlings, farm machineries, storage facilities One Stop Shop (building) NR/Community Forestry State/D onor/ CSOs School Feeding Program To improve enrolment rates. Reduce short-term hunger & financial burden on poor parents. Alleviate certain micronutrient deficiencies Nationwide/Mostl y remote rural schools (primary education) Food transferState/D onor

Objectives of Social Transfer Contd.. Social- Transfer Scheme ObjectivesScaleTypes of TransferFund Scholarship to un- employed youth To address youth related issues Nationwide/V ery poor families and orphans Cash, kind (clothing, tuition fee, stationeries) State/ Kidu Fund/ YDF Housing schemes To improve the living condition Nationalwide /Very poor groups Cash and kind (labour, timber, other construction materials) State/ Donor/ CSOs Food/Cash Transfer- Public Works To create job opportunities National Work Force Take home rations Cash State

Policy and Legal Framework Bhutan currently do not have any integrated/comprehensive policy/legal frame specific to social transfers. However, several enabling instruments support them. Policies and legalMain Elements of Social transfer Constitution of Bhutan Article 7: Fundamental Rights, Article 8: Fundamental Duties, Article 9: Principles of State Policy Gross National Happiness (GNH), the overarching government policy Guides all aspects of development and policy in the country. Advocates policies of good governance, and balanced and equitable socio-economic development Vision 2020 (Bhutan) Accords high priority on improving livelihood, enhancing cash income of poor farmers Forest and Nature Conservation Act of Bhutan 1995 Ensures access to natural resources including timber for rural housing by communities

Policy and Legal Framework for Social Transfer Contd.. Policies and legalMain Elements of Social Transfer National Food and Nutrition Security Policy of Bhutan, 2012 Recognizes the fundamental right to have access to affordable and adequate, safe, nutritious and culturally acceptable food. Ensures that food and nutrition security is adequately prioritized and mainstreamed in all development plans and programs National Health Policy of Bhutan, 2011 Ensures nutrition/education and awareness on healthy food habits and dietary diversification including maternal, infant and young child feeding practices, drinking water and sanitation, prmotion of fruit and vegetables in diet Cooperative Acts of Bhutan 2001 Provides legal framework for formation of cooperatives and farmers groups to enhance the economy of scale Livestock Act of Bhutan 2001 Ensures distribution and regulation of livestock breeds, livestock health to enhance livestock productivity and prevent diseases

Targeting Mechanisms  Poverty Targeting  Poverty (geni-coefficient for equality)  Access (remoteness to services e.g. high mountain areas)  Income (low income levels)  Family Situation (orphans, aged, unemployed youth, single parent families etc.)  Areas with high rural out-migrations  General Targeting  Food for primary education  Land for all land less

Delivery Mechanism Responsible Institutions: 1.Office of the Gyalpoi Zimpon (HM Secretariat) 2.Regional HM (Zimpoi) Office 3.Central Agencies (MOAF, Health, Education etc…) 4.Civil Society Organizations 5.Local Government Target Communities/ Groups/ Families Cash based and In-kind Social Transfer Projects/Programs/Ad-hoc/(un)-planned Transfers 1. Rural Economy Advancement Program (REAP), 2. Rural Livelihood Project (RLP), 3. Remote Rural Communities Development Project (RRCDP), 4. Special support to High Altitude Mountain Areas of Bhutan 5. Others Projects/Programs/Ad-hoc/(un)-planned Transfers 1. Rural Economy Advancement Program (REAP), 2. Rural Livelihood Project (RLP), 3. Remote Rural Communities Development Project (RRCDP), 4. Special support to High Altitude Mountain Areas of Bhutan 5. Others Who Delivers How ?

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