1 Challenge the future Collaborative housing: new approaches in an international perspective Presentation at the BlomBerg Society Utrecht, 16 April 2015 Dr Darinka Czischke, B.A., MSc, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Real Estate & Housing Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft

2 Challenge the future What’s the problem? Structural housing ‘crisis’ in post-industrial societies Deep transformations in social housing Housing commodification Diversification of housing exclusion (middle incomes)

3 Challenge the future Post-recession environment Widespread questioning of hegemonic economic development paradigm Emergence of co-production approaches in social services – including housing! Co-production, collaboration, social innovation, social experimentation, crowd-funding, open source, …

4 Challenge the future (Re)emergence of collaborative housing initiatives Earlier waves: 1900’s, 1960/70s (cooperatives, communal living, co- housing…) Early XXI century: different historical context, new features Evidence of significant activity, especially since the economic crisis (France, Germany, Belgium, UK…) Community Land Trusts, Co-housing, new residents’ cooperatives, eco-housing…

5 Challenge the future Self help housing “Self-help housing involves groups of local people bringing back into use empty properties that are in limbo, awaiting decisions about their future use, or their redevelopment” (UK)

6 Challenge the future Self-Help Housing in Germany Berlin Roots in squatting movement Leipzig Home-steading programme for empty flats Public funding Security of tenure Freiburg Factories and barracks transformed into attractive neighbourhoods Partnerships with municipalities

7 Challenge the future Community Land Trusts (CLTs) Five central principles Community-controlled and community owned Open democratic structure Permanently affordable housing Not for profit Long-term stewardship Range of financing models Funding Investment Low cost land

8 Challenge the future Champlain Housing Trust Established in Burlington, Vermont in 1984 Affordable to households on 57% of local median income 2,200 properties for rent and LCHO Resale formula to share equity Pioneers: now 200 trusts throughout the USA Governance 3/3 (general, owners, municipal officers) Know-how transfer to Europe

9 Challenge the future Co-housing Origins in Denmark, 1960s ‘Intentional community’ composed of private homes supplemented by shared facilities. Community is planned, owned and managed by the residents May also share cooking, dining, childcare, gardening, and governance. Common facilities may include a kitchen, dining room, laundry, child care facilities, offices, internet access, guest rooms, and recreational features.

10 Challenge the future Co-housing in practice Strongly value-driven Mixed or specific groups (e.g. elderly women) Lack of specific legal / policy framework Specific national frameworks determine ownership, management and governance (FR, BE, DE, UK, DK, US…) Long term process: drop outs, motivation, leadership Each project unique!

11 Challenge the future Residents’ housing agendas Housing agendas Key questions AffordabilityIs it more affordable than other tenures? SustainabilityIs it more environmentally-friendly than other tenures? EmpowermentDoes it allow a greater say in my housing situation? Community lifeDoes it give me the opportunity to experience richer community life? QualityDoes it provide optimal quality in relation to my means and aspirations?

12 Challenge the future Research commissioned by the Housing Partnership UK (HPUK)

13 Challenge the future GRAND LYON, FR “Le Village Vertical”, residents’ cooperative, Villeurbanne (Grand Lyon, France) Community group (tenants- owners) Local authority (land facilitation) Housing provider (development & management) Social organisations (support for special needs) Habicoop (facilitator)

14 Challenge the future VIENNA, AT The women’s housing project [ro*sa]22 (Vienna, Austria) Residents (progressive community) Architect (initiator) Housing provider (developer & manager) Local authority (land facilitation) Housing Agency (allocation)

15 Challenge the future The Community Land Trust Brussels (CLTB) Home- owning community Social organisations (organisation, training, accompaniment) Architects (Design & development) Regional Housing Fund (Financing) Regional Housing Ministry (Legal framework) Banks (mortgages)

16 Challenge the future Conclusions Growing number of CLHIs under formation across Europe, but very low completion rates Key drivers: Socio-demographic change (SOC) Long standing housing crisis (ECON) Environmental agenda (ENV) Key challenges: Land Funding Social mix Sustained participants’ commitment

17 Challenge the future Role(s) for housing associations? 1.Facilitating local partnerships: Bringing together different stakeholders 2.Channelling [and organising?] funding 3.Developers and managers  long term commitment 4.Ensuring social [tenure] mix 5.Lobbying government for enabling policy frameworks and financing instruments

18 Challenge the future Thanks for your attention! Contact: