Absolutism –France 16.2

Religious Wars s Huguenots v. Catholics Culmination – St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

Henry of Navarre St. Bart’s Day massacre 1589 becomes King and converts. “Paris is well worth a mass” -Becomes Henry IV Edict of Nantes(1598)

“A chicken in every pot” p.511 Growing absolutism Increase of government in lives of citizens Reduced influence of nobles

Louis XIII Henry IV assassinated (1610) 9 Year old Louis XIII takes throne Nobles begin to take power back

Richelieu p. 511 Louis XIII is weak so installs Cardinal Richelieu as minister Looked to gain absolute rule, how? –Persecute Huguenots –Nobles castles/spies –War w/ Hapsburgs –Installed Cardinal Mazarin as successor

Rise of the Sun King Louis XIV and the Fronde - violent protest of royal power by merchants, nobles and peasants Mazarin died 1661 Great Grandson of Philip II – follower of Divine Right Followed Heliocentric view of himself (what does that mean?) -“L’etat, c’est moi” Ignored Estates General (had not met since 1614)

Louis XIV (1643) Mazarin disliked by nobles=Louis’ distrust as child. Rebellion a failure, led people to believe that a King is better than violence. At 23 is King. Immediately goes about gaining absolute power. How? –Intendants (expanded bureaucracy) –Excluding nobles

Absolutism Crises of 16 th Century led to want for stability/ safety  Absolutism. –Ruler has total power, divine right usually, all decisions rested with them. Different than America how? –Who in Europe would have disagreed/disliked this movement towards absolutism? Why? Ex?

Louis XIV led the charge. “I order you not to sign anything, not even a passport without my command; to render account to me personally each day and to favor no one.”

The Sun King His control of nobility was complete Arts/entertainment Court lifestyle “I am the state”

France’s Finances p. 512 Jean-Baptiste Colbert (mercantilism) Encouraged basic industries High Tariffs on imports Growing colonialism – regulated trade France became wealthiest in Europe

Versailles 2,000 Rooms Over 500 yards long Over $2.5 billion to build, 36,000 laborers Showed absolute power –Nobles moved there –Silenced nobility and took control of policy, taxes, and Church. –“Every time I appoint someone to a vacant position, I make a hundred unhappy and one ungrateful.” -Louis

Legacy of Louis Expanded French borders by war. –Voltaire on Louis XIV [It is certain that he passionately wanted glory, rather than the conquests themselves. In the acquisition of Alsace and half of Flanders, and of all of Franche-Comté, what he really liked was the name he made for himself]. Died with France in major debt

Quiz 1). This man built Versailles to control his nobles 2). Son of Henry Navarre and weak ruler who gave up power. 3). Was Louis XIII’s minister 4). Cardinal who ruled France until his death for Louis XIV 5). Louis XIV’s legacy was one of fiscal (money) responsibility and management. (True/False) A. Louis XIIID. Louis XIV B. Mazarin C. Richelieu

Quiz #2 1). Louis XIV’s legacy was one of fiscal (money) responsibility and management. (T/F) 2). Russia’s landowning class 3). Built Versailles 4). Peter The Great’s new capital: 5). French de facto leader before Louis XIV A. PrussiaD. Louis XIV B. St. PetersburgE. Mazarin C. HenryF. Boyars

Louis’ Shortcomings France had most powerful army in Europe. War of Spanish Succession led to Treaty of Utrecht gave power to England and Hapsburgs. Incredible debt at death.

Reading 1). Differences between he and his father? 2). Pro’s and Con’s with his ruling style?

Drill 1). What is an absolute ruler and what enabled them to come about?