The Birth of the Airplane Dr. Charles H. Marston Professor Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Villanova University.

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Presentation transcript:

The Birth of the Airplane Dr. Charles H. Marston Professor Emeritus Department of Mechanical Engineering Villanova University

The Wright Brothers December 17, Axis control Learn to fly System

Cayley’s Silver Disc 1799 Lift and Propulsion Separated

Cayley’s Whirling Arm Lift ~ sin(alpha)

Cayley’s Model Glider 1804 Low aspect ratio fixed wing Adjustable tail

Henson’s Aerial Steam Carriage 1843 London to India 30 Passengers 30 HP

Otto Lilienthal Tested Airfoils Hang gliding Inspired the Wrights

One of Lilienthal’s Gliders Controlled by shifting weight Fatal crash Aug 1896

Octave Chanute Civil Engineer Pratt Truss The Race for True Powered Flight

Charles Manley and Samuel Langley

Drawing of Langley Aerodrome Dihedral for Lateral Stability

Balzer-Manley Engine 52 HP/207 lbm

WilburOrville

The 1900 Glider Flown as a Kite Note the angle of the tie line (enhanced)

1/3 of Lift 1901 Glider Adverse yaw

Discouragement Presentation to Engineer Society Must find causes of reduced lift

Balance for measuring C L in the Wind Tunnel

’02 Wright Glider Flown as a Kite

’02 Glider in Flight Vertical Rudder to correct adverse yaw

Wright Brothers’ Engine 12 HP/179 lbm

The Wright Brothers’ Propellers Designed as a series of airfoils Modern Copy tested at 80% efficiency

Crunch Time Fall 1903

Langley was aware of the Wright Brothers (and vice versa) Invited Wright’s to Washington No invitation to visit Kitty Hawk Chanute was a friend of both teams

Aerodrome Ready for First Launch October 1903

Aerodrome First Launch Oct 1903

Aerodrome Second Launch Dec 1903

Langley Doomed Scaleup design Wrong priorities “All up” public testing Remote management Overhead expenses

Kitty Hawk, NC November 28, 1903 Wilbur won the toss Over controlled Shaft failed

Side View of Flyer

First Flight Dec 17,1903

Success Step-by-step “airman” R&D Progam Complete System Built on work of others Remarkable insights Gliders easy to repair Less than $1000 out of pocket

Plaque mounted near the Wright Flyer... the world's first power driven, heavier-than-air machine in which man made free, controlled, and sustained flight... By original scientific research the Wright brothers discovered the principles of human flight...

Bleriot Headed for England July 1909

100 th Anniversary

The aerodrome flies, pilot: Curtiss

Aerodrome Restored Now on display at the Smithsonian Udvar-Hazy Museum (Dulles Airport)

The World Learns to Fly

Derrick Catapult Lower air density in Dayton

’05 Flyer in Flight

Santos DuMont 14bis 1906

Delagrange in Voisin-Farman First flight in a closed circle in Europe May 1908

Curtiss’ June Bug, 1 Km Flight for Sci. Am. Prize July 1908

1908 Back in the Air Test fly new airplanes at Kitty hawk Wilbur to France Orville to Washington, DC

Wilbur over France Aug 1908

Orville over Fort Meyer Sept Army Contract

Hubert Latham in Antoinette Ready to Fly the Channel

Bleriot Headed for England July 1909