WarmUp #6 Explain how you think the clothing you are wearing was made or produced. What are the factors of production (or “ingredients”) needed to produce or manufacture your clothing?

Industrial Revolution: shift from an agriculturally-based economy TO an economy based on manufacturing, using machines located within factories

Great Britain 1707: England, Scotland & Wales unite to form Great Britain 1 st nation to industrialize because: –increase in food supply –increase in population –capital ($$$) to invest –natural resources –colonies provided available trade markets Great Britain had all the factors of production: land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship

Cotton Production started in cottage industry: occupation performed in the home –technological advances changed cottage industry (spinning jenny, flying shuttle, etc.) due to their high expenses, only the rich could afford the machines for production –thus, others came to work for the rich in factories! –ended manufacturing in the home

Cottage Industry & Spinning Jenny

Factories initially, near rivers because water was necessary for power to run the machines with improvements from the steam engine (James Watt), only needed coal to run the machines working conditions bad! little ventilation, dangerous machines, poor sanitation, little food, no breaks coal mines important & very dangerous (child labor) people moving to live near factories…so many new cities grew, due to density!

Factories & Child Labor

Transportation need to get goods from factories, in the cities, to the coasts for shipping railroad becomes main transportation of choice 1804: 1 st steam powered locomotive 1830: 1 st public locomotive “the Rocket”

Social Impacts urbanization: the movement of people from the country (farming) to the city (factories) –terrible living conditions: cramped & polluted initially, all factory work = women & children industrial middle class: new bourgeoisie…got very rich, owning the factories –accountants, managers, engineers etc. industrial working class: people who work in the factories (the labor)

Urban Life

Economic Shift mass production: making a lot of the same thing(s), through the use of interchangeable parts –moved from mercantilism to capitalism & competition –closely followed Adam Smith’s ideas of laissez-faire Thomas Malthus: poverty will always be around –Malthusian Theory: used to justify low wages & poor working conditions

Mass Production

Rise of Entrepreneurs entrepreneur: person who starts a new business (financiers, bankers, investors) Andrew Carnegie began as mill worker at 12: rose to become a steel magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt: railroads John D. Rockefeller: oil John P. Morgan: banking

Cornelius Vanderbilt Andrew Carnegie

Socialism Robert Owen believed government, not individuals, should own factors of production (socialism) built utopias: ideal communities in England & United States (New Harmony, Indiana)

Communism Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels believed capitalism was bad…& only hurt the people (esp. working class) wrote the Communist Manifesto, arguing that all of history was a struggle between 2 groups: –bourgeoisie: the owners of factors of production (wealthy) –proletariat: the workers (the labor) –one day, there will be huge revolution when the proletariat rise up & overthrow the bourgeoisie goal: to set up an ideal communist state where all the people own everything, in common

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Use pgs & 645 to fill out this Graphic Organizer. You are to complete the chart on your own. InventionDateInventorDescription seed drill cotton gin spinning jenny spinning frame flying shuttle power loom steam engine locomotive Steamship Samuel Slater Lowell’s mill interchangeable parts assembly line