Glue the reading handout into your notebook on page __87__. As you read the text to yourself, use the following directions to help you understand the information: 1.) Circle key inventions/events in the text 2.) Underline main ideas in each paragraph 3.) Highlight and put a “?” over words you don’t know 4.) Summarize the reading in your own words Warm Up - Tuesday

 Industrial Revolution- changeover from making goods by hand to making goods by machine (More has been created in the last 250 years than in the previous 2500 years) Machines were invented which replaced human labor New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery – water, steam, electricity, oil (gas, kerosene) Increased use of metals and minerals Aluminum, coal, copper, iron, etc.  Industrial Revolution begins in Great Britain- has perfect mix of raw materials, laborers and capital

 Steam engine-factories switch to burning coal to obtain power and can be built anywhere-usually built by towns  Men, women and children(some as young as five) worked in factories during daylight hours for six days a week  Wages tended to be low and when workers did not work they did not get paid  As more people move near factories for jobs towns turn into cities  Interchangeable Parts- product parts all made exactly the same  Mass production- each worker had specific job in assembling product  Assembly Line- automotive industry perfect the mass production system  Wide moving belt carried product to each worker  They attach a standardized part to the product  At the end of the line is the finished product

 Steamboats-1807 American Robert Fulton runs his boat the Clermont up the Hudson  Goods/people can travel safely across all bodies of water. (Not just oceans)  Railroads George Stephenson of England demonstrates first successful railroad locomotive powered by steam  Soon railroad tracks crisscrossed Europe and the United States  Automobiles Karl Benz of Germany creates first automobile powered by internal combustion motor  Henry Ford’s perfection of assembly line allows for mass production of automobiles-makes them more affordable  Airplanes Two Americans, Orville and Wilbur Wright, make first successful flight  Airplanes brings countries of world closer together.  People and goods can travel faster and farther than ever before.  Creates growth of countries and economic trade.

 Inventions  English farmer Jethro Tull invents the seed drill- plants seed in rows  Tull also invents horse-drawn hoe- breaks up soil between rows of crops  Changes in Land Use  Charles Townshend argued for planting certain crops in the “resting” field which will restore nutrients to soil (Crop rotation)  Enclosure Movement-landowners fence off large amounts of public land for their own use  Creation of larger fields allows for the use of these new agricultural methods and machinery highly efficient Able to grow more food to sustain the growing population

 1830’s- Two Englishmen Charles Wheatstone and William Cooke, along with American F.B. Morse introduce the first telegraph.  Alexander Graham Bell completes his work on the telephone  English inventor John Fleming and American Lee de Forest introduce early models of the radio

 Early 1800’s-natural gas begins to be used to provide light and heat in factories-later began to be piped into homes  Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in United States  Petroleum(oil) becomes an important power and fuel source  British scientist Michael Farraday moves a magnet outside a wire coil to create an electric current  1879-American Thomas A. Edison invents the electric light bulb  1882-electric generators begin to be used to light city streets in London and New York

 Workers Reform  Workers received low wages for long hours of work  Women were paid half or less than half of what men made  Children, some as young as five, were forced to work in factories  Working condition in factories were often unhealthy and dangerous  Industrial cities tended to be dirty and gloomy  Workers’ homes were close together and poorly constructed  Crime and sickness were at high levels in industrialized cities  1833-The Factory Acts  Limits the amount of working hours allowed for women and children  Men expected to make most of family income by working outside of home  Woman tended to the daily needs of the family

 Unions- organizations of workers in particular occupation or industry  Collective Bargaining-union members elect representatives to present their requests or demands to an employer-if demands are not met workers could go on strike  Blacklisting-employers brand selected workers as undesirable employees

Environmental concerns 1. Air and water pollution becomes severe 2. Overcrowding in cities lead to poor living conditions 3. Spread of disease and illness due to large population in small areas 4. Need for natural resources  Look to Africa for those resources (Imperialism)

Your group is applying for a job at a water lily factory where your task will be to make paper lilies to sell. Only 1 group in class will be hired and a challenge has been extended to see which group can make the most and best looking lilies in 5 minutes. There are five easy steps your group will follow during this challenge. Each person in the group must complete one of the five steps so you need to decide who is going to do what. Lets go over the steps to this challenge a see what you are going to be making…

There are five basic steps to making a lily. Step 1: Fold paper diagonally one way and then the other diagonal way. Unfold and bring corners of the paper to the middle.

Step 2: Fold the corners in 2 more times making the paper smaller each time. Step 3: Unfold the outermost flaps partly to make the petals of the lily.

Step 4: Add your group’s color Step 5: Add your group’s name to the bottom Questions about the steps????? Now decide who in your group is going to do each step…

Let the challenge begin… Your group will have five minutes to see how many water lilies they can make. Follow up discussion 1. What was challenging about the contest? 2. How does this contest relate to the factory systems during the Industrial Revolution?