WHAT MAKES US SICK? VIRUSES, BACTERIA, FUNGI, PARASITES AND OTHER BUGS MICROBES THAT CAUSE DISEASE ARE CALLED “PATHOGENS”

Types of bacteria

Arrangements of Bacteria  Diplococcus  Streptococcus  Tetrad  Sarcina  Staphylococcus

Bacterial Diseases  Tooth decay  Lyme disease  Tetanus  Tuberculosis  Salmonella  Pneumonia  Cholera

Viruses: Are they alive?  Viruses have  No membranes  No cytoplasm  No source of energy  They do have A protein coat or capsid DNA or RNA

rabies virus herpes virus bacteriophage tobacco mosaic plant virus measles virus Copyright © 2005 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. Viruses vary greatly in size and shape! If a bacterium were the size of a football field, one of these viruses would be the width of a human hair compared to it!!!!

proteins protein coat envelope (lipid bilayer) genetic material (viral RNA) coated with protein

Life cycles of viruses  Two life cycles:  Lysogenic – the viral DNA is inserted into the host cells DNA and replicates with the host cell. The organism has no symptoms of the virus in this stage  Lytic – The virus replicates itself using the cells ribosomes, amino acids, and nucleotides. It is reassembled inside the host cell and bursts (lyses) the host cell. The organims that is infected has symptoms of the virus in this stage

Treatment for viruses  Once you get a virus it is yours to keep  The treatment is to prevent getting a virus by giving a vaccination against the virus  Childhood vaccinations

Diphtheria  Diphtheria is a virus that attacks the throat and heart. It can lead to heart failure and death

Tetanus  Tetanus is also called “lockjaw”. It can lead to severe muscle spasms and death

Polio Vaccine  Can be given orally or injected  Given 4 times  Polio can cause muscle pain and paralysis of one or both legs or arms.  It can also paralyze the muscles used to breathe and swallow.  It can lead to death

Measles  Causes fever, rash, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes  Can also cause ear infections and pneumonia  Can lead to brain swelling and death if untreated

Chicken Pox: Varicella Virus

HBV: Hepatitis Virus

Woman with liver cancer caused by the hepatitis virus

Fungal Diseases  Athlete’s Foot  Yeast infections  Ringworm  Food spoilage

Transmission  Airborne (coughing, sneezing)  Physical contact  Contaminated water/food  Infected animals  Sexually  Blood borne