Abdul-Aziz .M Al-Yami Khurram Masood Channel Model and Simulation Using Matlab   Abdul-Aziz .M Al-Yami Khurram Masood

Channel Model Discrete Multipath fading channel (2 paths) Doppler filter Jake’s model fd = 100 Hz Delay between paths = 8 samples = 0.5 *Ts Power of paths = [1 0.5] Signal Bandwidth (Lowpass equivalent) Bs = 10 kHz Symbol time, Ts = 1/Bs = 0.1 msec Data Rate = 10k sym/sec Sampling rate = 160k samples/sec Samples/symbol = 16 4/24/2017

Sampling and Doppler Bandwidth An important aspect of the Tapped Delay Line (TDL) model is the sampling rate for simulations. In simulation we use sampled values which should be sampled at 8 to 32 times the bandwidth The doppler bandwidth, or the doppler spread, Bd, is the bandwidth of the doppler spectrum Sd(λ), and is an indicator of how fast the channel characteristics are changing (fading) as a function of time. If Bd is of the order of the signal bandwidth Bs (≈ 1/Ts), the channel characteristics are changing (fading) at a rate comparable to the symbol rate, and the channel is said to be fast fading. Otherwise the channel is said to be slow fading. Thus Bd << Bs ≈ 1/Ts (Slow fading channel) Bd >> Bs ≈ 1/Ts (Fast fading channel) 4/24/2017

Parameters Signal bandwidth = Bs = 10kHz Ts = 0.1 msec Maximum doppler frequency = fd = 100 Hz Sampling frequency = fs = 16*Bs = 160k samples/sec Simulation length = 5 / (fd) = 50 msec = 8k samples Interpolation factor = 100 Delay between taps = 8 samples = 0.5 Ts Carrier c(t) = exp[j2π(1000)t] 4/24/2017

Generation of Tap weights 4/24/2017

Tap Input Process Data Two independent Gaussian random variables x1 and x2 are generated X1,X2 ~ N(0,1) For a given Doppler Frequency fd and system symbol rate 1/Ts. The term fdTs is known as the fade rate. Each I and Q components should have this fade rate. The envelope should be Rayleigh distributed and the phase should be uniformly distributed 4/24/2017

Doppler Filter The models for doppler power spectral densities for mobile applications assume: there are many multipath components each multipath has different delays all components have the same doppler spectrum. Each multipath component (ray) made up of a large number of simultaneously arriving unresolvable multipath components angle of arrival with a uniform angular distribution at the receive antenna. 4/24/2017

Jake’s Model Jakes derived the first comprehensive mobile radio channel model for both doppler effects and amplitude fading effects The classical Jake’s doppler spectrum has the form where fd is the maximum doppler shift The Jakes filter is implemented via FIR filter in time domain 4/24/2017

Doppler Filter 4/24/2017

Doppler spread 4/24/2017

Linear Interpolation In generating the tap gain processes it should be noted that the bandwidth of the tap gain processes for slowly time-varying channels will be very small compared to the bandwidth of the signals that flow through them. In this case, the tap gain filter should be designed and executed at a slower sampling rate. Interpolation can be used at the output of the filter to produce denser samples at a rate consistent with the sampling rate of the signal coming into the tap. Designing the filter at the higher rate will lead to computational inefficiencies as well as stability problems. 4/24/2017

Processing of QPSK signal and carrier 4/24/2017

Channel Input / Output 4/24/2017

Envelope of output 4/24/2017