© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components I/O devices  I/O devices:  serial links  timers and counters  keyboards  displays  analog.

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Presentation transcript:

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components I/O devices  I/O devices:  serial links  timers and counters  keyboards  displays  analog I/O

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Timers and counters  Very similar:  a timer is incremented by a periodic signal;  a counter is incremented by an asynchronous, occasional signal.  Overflow causes interrupt.

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Watchdog timer  Watchdog timer is periodically reset by system timer.  If watchdog is not reset, it generates an interrupt to reset the host. host CPU watchdog timer interrupt reset

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Switch debouncing A switch must be debounced to eliminate mechanical bouncing caused by multiple contacts:

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Encoded keyboard  An array of switches is read by an encoder.  N-key rollover remembers multiple key depressions. row

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components LED  Must use resistor to limit current:

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components 7-segment LCD display  May use parallel or multiplexed input.

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Types of high-resolution display  Cathode ray tube (CRT)  Liquid crystal display (LCD)  Plasma, etc.

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Touchscreen  Includes input and output device.  Input device is a two-dimensional voltmeter:

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Touchscreen position sensing ADC voltage

© 2000 Morgan Kaufman Overheads for Computers as Components Sample-and-hold  Required in any A/D: converter V in