Fifteenth to Nineteenth Century Art Another DevilDuck Production ©

The Italian Renaissance The renaissance, or "rebirth" in Italy began in the late 14th century and lasted until the early 16th century. Many ancient ideas were rediscovered in areas such as philosophy, literature, and science. People focused on learning by direct observation and study of the natural world. Religious themes and Greek and Roman mythology also became increasingly important to artists, who sought to recreate what was found in the classical age.

We have already looked at The Italian Renaissance Image from Botticelli, “Birth of Venus,” 1482, Italy Leonardo, “Mona Lisa,” or “La Gioconda,” , France

Now let’s take a look at the Northern Renaissance Northern Europe or Europe outside of Italy Staring in the late 15 th century  Germany  France  England  Netherlands  Poland

Influences Decline of feudalism – where a lord granted land (a fief) to his vassals. In exchange for the fief, the vassal would provide military service to the lord. Recovery from Black Plague (1348 – 1350) Increasing use of money Improvement in farming methods Decrease of influence of Roman Catholic church Printing press – books Scientific Research

The Northern Renaissance ItalianNorthern SpecialityIdeal beautyIntense realistic detail StyleSimplified forms, measured proportions Lifelike features, unflattering honesty SubjectsReligious & mythological scenes Religious & domestic scenes FiguresHeroic malesProsperous citizens, peasants PortraitsFormal, reservedReveal individual personality TechniqueFresco, tempera, oilOil on wood EmphasisUnderlying anatomical structure Visible appearance Basis of ArtTheoryObservation

Artists Netherlands & Belgium Jan van Eyck – detailed realism respected in Italy Rogier van der Weyden Pieter Bruegel the Elder – developed own style Hieronymus Bosch – developed own style Germany Albrecht Dürer – travelled to Italy Hans Holbein the Elder – existing Gothic influence

Jan Van Eyck “Arnolfini Wedding”, 1434

Pieter Bruegel Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The Tower of Babel Peasant Wedding, 1568

Pieter Bruegel Pieter Bruegel the Elder. “Hunters in the Snow,” 1565 or Months: The Return of the Hunters, 1575, oil on canvas. Flemish.

Hieronymouse Bosch From the Garden of Earthly Delights. Panel: The Earthly Paradise (Garden of Eden), 1504 From Panel: Hell

Hans Holbein: Princely Portraits The Ambassadors, 1533 Henry VIII, 1540

Hans Holbein: Woodcuts Ruth meets Boaz From the Dance of Death: The Peddlar

Artist's Wife and Children Hans Holbein the Younger tempera on paper on limewood. German

Albrecht Dürer Albrecht D ü rer. Hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas), Watercolor and gouache, heightened with white.

Albrecht Dürer The Large Turf, 1503 Self-Portrait

Albrecht Dürer Night, Death, and the Devil, 1513

The Spanish Renaissance El Greco, “Toledo,” 1597“Mater Dolorosa,” 1590’s

Baroque: The Ornate Age Baroque period, originated in Italy around the late 16th century, and spread to other countries, until the 18th century. Baroque period art is emotional and dramatic, appealing to the senses, with exaggerated detail and motion and intense contrast of light and dark. While themes were often religious, the aristocracy appreciated the ornate style in painting and architecture as a way to show off their wealth.

Italian Baroque Caravaggio Annibale Carracci Artemisia Gentileschi Flemish & Dutch Rubens van Dyck Heda Hals Rembrandt English Baroque Vermeer Hogarth Gainsborough Reynolds Spanish Baroque Velazquez French Baroque Poussin Lorrain Versailles Palace

Supper at Emmaus, Chiaroscuro - Strong contrast between light and dark m/word/chiaroscuro/ Caravaggio

Annibale Carracci Two children teasing a cat, ca. 1590, oil on canvas, Italian

The Beaneater , oil on canvas, Rome

The First Feminist Artist Artemisia Gentileschi Judith and her Maidservant,

Flemish & Dutch Baroque Sir Peter Paul Rubens Rubens with Isabella Brant in the Bower with Honeysuckle,1609

Sir Peter Paul Rubens Nicholaas Rubens wearing a Coral Necklace, 1619 Self-Portrait, 1639

Sir Anthony van Dyck Portrait of Charles 1 st, 1635

Sir Anthony van Dyck Portrait of Maria de Tassis, c. 1629/30

Willem Claesz Heda Still Life with Gilt Goblet, 1620 ’ s

Frans Hals The Jolly Toper, 1627

Frans Hals Detail from Three Children with a Goat Cart, 1620

Rembrant van Rijn Self-Portrait, Self-Portrait as a Young Man, 1630

The Night Watch, 1642

Rembrant van Rijn Rabbi, 1642

Rembrant van Rijn Rembrandt, Moses with the Tablets of the Law, 1659

Johannes Vermeer “The Kitchenmaid”, 1658

“The Girl with the Pearl Earing”, 1665

The English Baroque

Hogarth: The Artist as a Social Critic The Painter and his Pug, 1745

“Breakfast Scene” from Marriage a la Mode, 1745

Thomas Gainsborough Peasant Smoking at Cottage Door, 1788

Thomas Gainsborough Mrs. Richard Brisley Sheridan, 1785

Thomas Gainsborough Mrs. Sarah Siddons, 1785

Sir Joshua Reynolds Mrs Siddons as the Tragic Muse 1789

Sir Joshua Reynolds Self-Portrait, 1780

Sir Joshua Reynolds Jane, Countess of Harrington, 1777

Spanish Baroque

Diego Velázquez Las Meninas, c. 1656

Diego Velázquez Old Woman frying eggs, 1618

The French Baroque

Nicolas Poussin: Master of Composition Landscape with the Funeral of Phocion. 1648

Claude Lorrain: Nature as Ideal Idylic Landscape with Escape to Egypt, 1663

Versailles - Palace of Pomp Le Brun & Hardouin-Mansart, Hall of Mirrors, Versailles, c. 1680

Rococo Mood: Playful, superficial, alive with energy Interior Décor: gilded woodwork, painted panels, enormous wall mirrors Shapes: S and C-curves, ribbon-like scrolls Style: light, graceful, delicate Colours: white, silvers, gold, light pinks, blues, greens

Antoine Watteau Pilgrimage to Cythera, 1717

Francois Boucher Spring (detail), 1745

Jean- Honoré Fragonard The Reader,

Jean- Honoré Fragonard The Swing, 1767

Cavilliés, Mirror Room,