‘Irrigation-Plus’ 'Health, wealth, and gender issues’ by Barbara van Koppen & Eline Boelee.

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Presentation transcript:

‘Irrigation-Plus’ 'Health, wealth, and gender issues’ by Barbara van Koppen & Eline Boelee

Irrigation for pro-poor growth 1960s Agriculture as engine for economic growth: ‘trickle-up’ poverty eradication through economic growth (IFAD) Irrigation as driver of Asian Green Revolution Smallholders: higher production, higher incomes, more wellbeing Wage laborers: labor creation (also for women) Net food buyers: lower prices Multiplier effects Targeting matters

Irrigation for pro-poor growth after 2000 Agriculture out of fashion – swinging back now in Africa; Growing competition by world markets? Import protection ? A range of forms of water management in agriculture – year-round storage, individual appropriate technologies, rainwater harvesting/soil moisture retention, rainfed agriculture Irrigation – plus: the step large-scale irrigation in arid areas homestead sufficiency

Peter Lee, ICID in Mexico WWF 4 Irrigation – plus!

De facto multiple-use

Irrigation - plus Livestock, gardening, tree growing, fisheries, crafts, industries: higher values of irrigation schemes Domestic uses: main benefit for women Incremental capital costs: percent Rehabilitation: irrigation-plus by design, building on de facto mus

Irrigation-plus by design: the step !

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design – 1

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 2

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design – 3

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 4

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 5

Punjab - Pakistan: Irrigation-plus by design - 6

ponds/ tanks Ethiopia

Thailand National Policy: ‘Economic sufficiency’ Farmers’ wisdom networks : Bottom-up testing and upscaling of multiple water uses from multiple sources

Multiple sources, multiple uses, quantity and quality, seasons

An example layout of successful practices Mr. Saman Piyawong’s plot layout at Kandong, Buriram

South Africa MaTshepo Khumbane grassroots activist, Eva Masha, Emily Masha Strydkraal Department of Water Affairs and Forestry Subsidies for household tanks National guidelines for Multiple-use approaches by local government

Family 5-year food security “helicopter plan” House water recycling Food gardening Family time management Eva digging her dam

Emily’s triumph 16 Oct 2003: Awareness! catching the first rain Oct-Nov 2003: digging storage to catch more 19 Jan 2004: “We have buried the hunger”

Water Quality Medical science norms and mandates: ‘illegal’ 1980s: Many water sources sufficiently clean, also seepage Water quantity more important for health and hygiene than water quality Go for incremental improvements instead of imposing unrealistic norms

Upstream treatment

Point of use treatment

Water quantity Irrigation planners: ‘domestic uses are negligible volumes’ Issue is year-round availability and siting Competition for new systems and in dry season?

Priority domestic uses Overflow to irrigation tank

Gender in participatory planning Example: SADC IWRM demonstration projects Zambia: WWF Katuba and Namwala communities in Kafue basin

Water resource mapping

Resources, uses, and institutions; problems and vision

Prioritization of uses by vulnerability and gender

From prioritization to short-term vision & action-plan

Priorities by zone

Gender in IWRM Domestic: sharing the unpaid chores Productive: equal opportunities for women and men

Thank You

Irrigation for pro-poor growth Agriculture as engine for economic growth Irrigation as driver of Asian Green Revolution Smallholders: higher production, higher incomes, more wellbeing Wage laborers: labor creation (also for women) Net food buyers: lower prices Targeting matters Investments in a range of water management in agriculture World markets? Import protection?