MINERAL BASED INDUSTRIES IN INDIA IRON AND STEEL HEAVY ENGINEERING PETROCHEMICAL ELECTRONICS DISTRIBUTION AND CONCENTRATION SPECIAL NEEDS PRESENT LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT

LOCATIONAL FACTORS : RAW MATERIALS/ MARKET IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY KEY INDUSTRY LAYS FOUNDATION OF OTHER INDUSTRIES MOST SIGNIFICANT INDUSTRY IN INDUSTRIALISATION IMPORTANT FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH OF COUNTRY INDUSTRIES LIKE AUTOMOBILES, LOCOMOTIVE, SHIP BUILDING, DEPEND ON THIS INDUSTRY. IS MOSTLY UNDER PUBLIC SECTOR BECAUSE THE INDUSTRY NEEDS HUGE INVESTMENT, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FACILITIES. LOCATIONAL FACTORS : RAW MATERIALS/ MARKET

RAW MATERIALS IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY USES LARGE QUANTITY OF HEAVY RAW MATERIALS ITS LOCALISATION IS CONTROLLED BY RAW MATERIAL AVAILABILITY

EXAMPLES OF IMPORTANT LOCATIONS OF IRON & STEEL INDUSTRIES BASED ON RAW MATERIAL AVAILABILITY MOST OF THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES LOCATED IN CHOTA NAGPUR PLATEAU BECAUSE OF PROXIMITY TO COAL IN JHARIA, RANIGANJ, BOKARO AND IRON ORE DEPOSITS IN JHARKAND, BIHAR, ORISSA, MADHYA PRADESH.

CLOSENESS TO MARKET STEEL PRODUCTS OF AN INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT ARE BULKY AND THEIR TRANSPORT COST IS 3 TIMES MORE THAN THAT OF COAL OR IRON ORE.

LARGE INTEGRATED IRON AND STEEL PLANTS 1. TISCO – TATA IRON AND STEEL COMPANY- OLDEST AD LARGEST. PRIVATE SECTOR ENETRPRISE. HIGH GRADE HAEMATITE AVAILABLE FROM SINGBHUM INJHARKAND AND MAYURBHANJ IN ORISSA. COAL FROM JHARIA AND RANIGANJ. MANGANESE FROM KEONJHAR IN ORISSA.

TRANSPORTATATION FOR TISCO JAMSHEDPUR LOCATED ON MAIN RAILWAY LINE CONNECTING BIG CITIES AND KOLKOTA PORT. GOOD RAD CONNECTIVITY. KOLKOTA PROVIDES PORT FACIITIES. HINTERLAND OF KOLKOTA PROVIDES MARKET FOR THE PRODUCTS.

WATER / LABOUR AND POWER FOR TISCO SUFFICIENT WATER FOR COOLING PURPOSES FROM SUBARNAREKHA RIVER. DENSELY POPULATED BIHAR PROVIDES CHEAP LABOUR. DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT PROVIDES ABUNDANT HYDRO-ELECTRICITY

IISCO – INDIAN IRON AND STEEL COMPANY IS INDIA’S OLDEST INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT.- A SUBSIDIARY OF SAIL – STEEL AUTHORITY OF INDIA LIMITED. IRON ORE COMES FROM SINGBHUM AND MAYURBHANJ. COAL FROM JHARIA AND POWER FROM DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT. RAIL & ROAD CONNECTIVITY TO KOLKOTA. DENSE POPULATION OF WEST BENGAL PROVIDES CHEAP LABOUR.

VISVESWARAYA IRON AND STEEL LIMITED LOCATED AT BHADRAVATI IN SHIMOGA DISTRICT, KARNATAKA. HIGH GRADE HAEMATITE IRON ORE FROM BABABUDAN HILLAS. ONLY IRON & STEEL INDUSTRY LOCATED FAR AWAY FROM COAL DEPOSITS. USES HYDRO ELECTRICITY FROM MAHATMA GANDHI HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT & SHARAVATHY HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT.

BHILAI IRON AND STEEL PLANT RUNS WITH RUSSIAN COLLABORATION. RECEIVES IRON ORE FROM RAJHARA COAL FROM JHARIA’ POWER FROM KORBA THERMAL POWER STATION. KOLKOTA – NAGPUR RAILWAY CONNECTIVITY.

ROURKELA HINDUSTAN STEEL LIMITED LOCATED IN ORISSA. SET UP WITH GERMAN COLLABORATION. IRON FROM KEONJHAR, COAL FROM JHARIA, RANIGANJ, HYDRO POWER FROM HIRAKUD PROJECT, NAGPUR – KOLKOTA RAIL CONNECTIVITY. KOLKOTA PORT FACILITIES CLOSEBY.

DURGAPUR HINDUSTAN STEEL LIMITED LOCATED IN WEST BENGAL. SET UP WITH BRITISH COLLABORATION. IRON ORE FROM SINGBHUM AND KEONJHAR, COAL FROM JHARIA AND RANIGANJ, POWER FORM DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT, RAIL CONNECTIVITY FROM KOLKOTA- ASANSOL RAILWAY LINE.

BOKARO STEEL PLANT LOCATED AT JHARKAND SET UP WITH RUSSIAN COLLABORATION. IRON ORE FROM NOAMUNDI , COAL FROM JHARIA, POWER FROM DAMODAR PROJECT. KOLKOTA PORT FACILITIES AVAILABLE CLOSEBY.

SALEM STEEL PLANT LOCATED IN TAMIL NADU MAJOR PRODUCER OF WORLD CLASS STAINLESS STEEL, EXPORTS TO USA, AUSTRALIA.

VISHAKAPATNAM STEEL PLANT INTEGRATED STEEL PLANT. FIRST SHORE BASED STEEL PLANT. MAJOR EXPORT ORIENTED STEEL PLANT. ADVANTAGE OF COAST. SECOND LARGEST PRODUCER OF IRON AND STEEL IN THE COUNTRY.

MINI STEEL PLANTS DECENTRALISED SECONDARY UNITSPRODUCING STEEL FROM STEEL SCRAP, SPONGE IRON AS RAW MATERIAL. USE ELECTRIC/ INDUCTION FURNACE FOR PROCESSING.

ADVANTAGES OF MINI STEEL PLANTS MOSTLY LOCATED FAR AWAY FROM INTEGRATED STEEL PLANTS & MEET LOCAL DEMANDS. USE SCRAP / SPONGE IRON FROM LARGE STEEL PLANTS & help recycling of iron and reuse scrap . Need less investment – suit indian economy. Smaller sized, conveniently located in industrial towns.

Problems of iron and steel industry Large capital investment not affordable for indian economy. More establishments of public sectors with foreign collaboration. Obsolete machines of old steel plants – low productivity compared to developed countries. Per capita production is lowest in the world. Low potential utilisation due to strikes, lockouts, scarcity of raw materials, energy crises, ETC.