Spatial Data Mining Ashkan Zarnani Sadra Abedinzadeh Farzad Peyravi

From DM to KDD DM is a step in KDD Extracting useful, meaningful patterns Five terabyte of data collected each day in NASA This is used to discover stars, galaxies etc.

Spatial Data Any kind of data that has one or more fields concerning with location, shape, area and similar attributes Point, Line, Polygon Spatial Access Methods (SAMs) Information in a GIS is organized in “layers”. For example a map will have a layer of “roads”, “train stations”, “suburbs” and “water bodies

Layers in GIS  People  Commercial  Governmental  Geographical  Traffic  Business

Spatial Queries & SAM

Spatial Data Mining Methods Spatial OLAP and spatial data warehousing Drilling, dicing and pivoting on multi-dimensional spatial databases Generalization & characterization of spatial objects Summarize & contrast data characteristics, e.g., dry vs. wet regions Spatial Association: Find rules like “inside(x, city) à near(x, highway)”. Spatial classification and prediction Classify countries based on climate Spatial clustering and outlier analysis Cluster houses to find distribution patterns Similarity analysis in spatial databases Find similar regions in a large set of maps

SDM : State of the Art Progressive Refinement Finding Coarse Relationships and then extracting the non-candidate rules to avoid complex spatial operations for all objects g_close_to  candidates  detail process

SDM : State of the Art Multilevel Rules Finding rules in several levels of the concept hierarchies Continent  Country  Province  City  Zone  Block Water( flow(river, channel) – nonflow(sea, lake, ocean) )

SDM : State of the Art Quantitative Rules The challenge of treating continuous attributes, the sharp boundaries Fuzziness applied for realistic knowledge extraction

SDM : State of the Art OLAM OnLine Analytical Mining, the user can interact with the mining progress: Data sets, Concept Hierarchies, Interestingness Measures, Type of Knowledge, Representation GMQL is proposed and is being extended

References [1] Floris Geerts, Sofie Haesevoets and Bart Kuijpers. A Theory of Spatio-Temporal Database. Computer Science Dept., North Dakota State University (2000)A Theory of Spatio-Temporal Database. Computer Science Dept., North Dakota State University (2000) [2] Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander.Algorithms and Applications for Spatial Data Mining, Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 2001.[2] Martin Ester, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander.Algorithms and Applications for Spatial Data Mining, Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, [3] Martin Ester, Alexander Frommelt, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander. Algorithms for Characterization and Trend Detection in Spatial Databases, International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-98)[3] Martin Ester, Alexander Frommelt, Hans-Peter Kriegel, Jörg Sander. Algorithms for Characterization and Trend Detection in Spatial Databases, International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-98) [4] Jan Paredaens, Bart Kuijpers. Data Models and Query Languages for Spatial Databases. ACM SIGKDD Explorations (1999)[4] Jan Paredaens, Bart Kuijpers. Data Models and Query Languages for Spatial Databases. ACM SIGKDD Explorations (1999) [5] Hans-Peter Kriegel, Thomas Brinkhoff, Ralf Schneider. Efficient Spatial Query Processing in Geographic Database Systems. VLDB (2001)[5] Hans-Peter Kriegel, Thomas Brinkhoff, Ralf Schneider. Efficient Spatial Query Processing in Geographic Database Systems. VLDB (2001) [6] Usama Fayyad, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, and Padhraic Smyth. From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery in Databases. AI MAGAZINE (1999)[6] Usama Fayyad, Gregory Piatetsky-Shapiro, and Padhraic Smyth. From Data Mining to Knowledge Discovery in Databases. AI MAGAZINE (1999) [7] Ramakrishnan Srikant, Rakesh Agrawal. Mining Quantitative Association Rules in Large Relational Tables. VLDB (1996)[7] Ramakrishnan Srikant, Rakesh Agrawal. Mining Quantitative Association Rules in Large Relational Tables. VLDB (1996) [8] Krzysztof Koperski, A Progressive Refinement Approach to Spatial Data Mining. SFU PhD Thesis (1999)[8] Krzysztof Koperski, A Progressive Refinement Approach to Spatial Data Mining. SFU PhD Thesis (1999)

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