The Science of Classifying Organisms Taxonomy. Classification GROUPING things according to their CHARACTERISTICS.

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Presentation transcript:

The Science of Classifying Organisms Taxonomy

Classification GROUPING things according to their CHARACTERISTICS.

Biodiversity Scientists estimate that there are 5 million kinds of DIFFERENT plants, animals and microorganisms on earth.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS Developed a SYSTEM for grouping ORGANISMS.

CAROLUS LINNAEUS 1. Placed organisms into SMALLER and SMALLER groups based on SIMILARITIES. Similarities –STRUCTURAL -- most important –BIOCHEMICAL –GENETIC –BEHAVIORAL

Groups KINGDOM (largest) PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES (smallest)

CAROLUS LINNAEUS 2. Gave an organism a TWO-WORD LATIN name. (binomial nomenclature) Example –COMMON name cougar, puma, mountain lion –SCIENTIFIC name Felis concolor GENUS, SPECIES Last name, first name

Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus

Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp.

Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp. Swine: Suidae sp.

Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp. Swine: Suidae sp. Horse: Euquis sp.

Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp. Swine: Suidae sp. Horse: Euquis sp. Chickens: Galus galus

SPECIES or "KIND” A GROUP of closely related (SIMILAR) organisms that INTERBREED and have FERTILE offspring

Biodiversity No SINGLE inventory (book) of ALL classified species

5 Kingdoms of living things. ANIMAL PLANT FUNGI BACTERIA (MONERA) PROTISTS

Using A Dichotomous Key Dichotomous means "BREAKING into SMALLER parts"

Kingdom Encompasses large groups; such as plants, animals or fungi.

Phylum Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning they have a spinal “chord”)

Class A sub group within a phylum containing common characteristics.

Order A sub group within a class.

Family A sub group with an order.

Genus A sub group within a family Species with uniquely shared traits Species are thought to be closely related.

Species Unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding Defined based on unique features

What’s in a name?

Dichotomous Key Assists in Identification Contains pairs of contrasting descriptions The key directs the user to another pair of descriptors or Identifies an object

3 Broad Groups Eukaryote –Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals Prokaryote –Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane- bound structures i.e. bacteria Archaea –Prokaryotes in extreme environments difference in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot pots