Project 2: A contemporary analysis of social enterprise as a public health intervention Conceptualising causal pathways to health through the work of social enterprises Bobby Macaulay Yunus Centre of Social Business and Health

Project 2 at a glance… Causal Pathways to Health – Analysis of social value reports – In process of compiling and writing-up results Social Enterprise and Health Assets – Conceptualising theoretical overlaps – Arranging final interview before compiling results Case Studies – Examining the views of different stakeholders towards a social enterprise – Case Study 1 completed, Case Studies 2 and 3 underway

Causal Pathways to Health Aim – To investigate potential causal pathways to health through the work of social enterprises Objectives – Gather data on the processes undertaken by social enterprises and what impacts they have – Consider findings in relation to health literature Methods – Content analysis of evaluative reports (SAA +SROI)

Sampling SAASROI Population of qualifying reports 104 online + 4 not online online59 Duplicates and organisations outside UK 41 reports rejected6715 reports rejected44 Organisations outside Scotland 46 reports rejected2131 reports rejected13 Organisations not meeting SENSCOT definition 12 reports rejected95 report rejected8 Sample to analyse 9 8

Sample Primary Focus – Access to employment: 6 – Housing: 5 – Local economic development: 4 – Access to financial services: 2 Location – Glasgow and surrounding area: 5 – Aberdeenshire: 4 – Edinburgh and surrounding area: 3 – Ayrshire: 2 – Fife: 2 – Scotland-wide: 1 Reports published between 2004 and 2014

Identifying Processes The first element of the content analysis was to identify what each social enterprise actually does – Activities – Spaces provided – Interaction with different groups ACTIVITY 1- Identifying processes – Read through the page yourself – Highlight each distinct process or activity you find – Come together with the rest of your table – Write each one on a post-it note and stick on flip-chart

Processes Around 200 distinct processes were identified To make sense of them, they were grouped inductively into the following… – Community engagement – Education and skills development – Facilitate social interaction – Internal institutional activities and policies – Provide or facilitate employment – Provision of a positive space or environment – Provision of services

Anything that the social enterprise claimed to make/produce/change through its work Outcomes were coded verbatim Then grouped into ‘levels’ and ‘types’ of impact Outcomes SocialEconomicCulturalEnvironmental Individual Community Systems/Society

The causal connection between a particular process and a particular outcome (Disclaimer) ACTIVITY 2- Identifying causal pathways – Examine whether the previously highlighted processes are causally linked to an outcome – Write each outcome on a post-it note – Draw a line between process and related outcome Causal Pathways

What you come out with are a number of different processes that result in a number of different outcomes – Some processes are ‘lonely’, as are some outcomes – This research is only concerned with causal pathways – 330 specific causal claims Results

Processes Community engagement Education and skills development Facilitate social interaction Internal institutional activities and policies Provide or facilitate employment Provision of a positive space or environment Provision of services Outcomes Social Individual Community Systems/Society Economic Individual Community Systems/Society Cultural Individual Community Systems/Society Environmental Individual Community Systems/Society

Write publishable paper(s) – Entire project Consider in relation to health literature – Analyse impacts of a single process or outcome Employment? – Compare and contrast to Case Study results Anything systematically different between the two sets of results? Next steps