Management of ODS Banks/”End of Life” ODS English Speaking Caribbean Ozone Officers Regional Network Meeting Antigua Barbuda March 2, 2011 R.J. Cooke Man-West Environmental Group Ltd.

Presentation Scope ODS Banks/ “EOL” ODS in context of ozone layer protection and the MP Nature of the EOL ODS issue EOL ODS mgt. steps and technologies Capture Destruction Validation Barriers to EOL ODS management Options to address barriers Approach for the Caribbean Region

ODS Bank and EOL ODS The ODS Bank is what is in productive use that has potential for atmospheric release (“consumption not yet emitted”). EOL ODS is no longer in productive use and without the prospect thereof (ODS that is now subject to atmospheric release). By definition EOL ODS excludes ODS that is recovered/reclaimed for future productive use. EOL ODS is a “waste” whose default management option results in global environmental damage. Essentially a “hazardous waste” requiring environmentally sound management (ESM) but generally without a local environmental/health risk.

ODS Bank/EOL ODS: Global Context ESM of the global ODS Bank and EOL ODS is one of the remaining ozone layer threats to be addressed by the MP. Capture and environmentally sound destruction of the global ODS Bank could theoretically have significant accelerating effect on ozone layer recovery. Parallel climate change impacts In practice the actual potential benefits of EOL ODS mgt. is much less due to practical limits on timing, ability and cost effectiveness of capture/destruction (CTC an exception) Unlike actual ODS phase out, management of ODS banks and EOL ODS is not subject to direct control measures under the MP.

Sources/Types of EOL ODS Refrigerants CFC-12, HCFC-22, HCFC blends Domestic/commercial appliances, large refrigeration & A/C equipment Retained in Foams CFC-11, HCFC-141b, HCFC-22, HCFC-142b Domestic/commercial appliances, building materials, packaging Fire protection systems Halon 1211, 1301,2402 Decommissioned systems Redundant/obsolete stocks, confiscations – MB Excess production/ by-products - CTC

Factors in Prioritizing EOL ODS Management Volume - CFCs (near term), HCFCs ODP – CFCs, halons GWP – CFC-12, HCFCs Availability in quantity GDP Population Originating sources Sector Accessibility Commercial/domestic refrigerants Halons Cost of capture/processing/destruction Form available Existing capture infrastructure/institutions Access to destruction capacity

EOL ODS Management Process Capture Destruction Validation EOL ODS Capture -Refrigerant/Halons  Removal from equipment  Decision on future productive use (is it a waste?)  Consolidation/secure storage  Ownership/care and custody arrangements  Documentation/analysis  Base on existing service infrastructure upgraded for secure storage arrangements

EOL ODS Management Process Capture Destruction Validation EOL ODS Capture -Foam  Removal from equipment/application  Process option 1: Size reduce Package for destruction Consolidation/secure temporary storage  Process Option 2 Blowing agent extraction Potential integration with destruction  Ownership/care and custody arrangements  Tracking/Documentation of origin/analysis

EOL ODS Management Process Capture Destruction Validation EOL ODS Destruction Menu of technologies available – combustion and non-combustion (all have a thermal element), future potential for chemical dechlorination Practical Options High temperature incineration Co-disposal in industrial combustion facilities Pyrolysis/plasma arc Environmental performance requirements Destruction efficiency/destruction removal efficiency (>99.99%) Unintended release emissions (PCDD/PCDF < 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm 3) ) Documentation/due diligence safeguards to provide assurance of destruction and environmental performance

UNDP Demonstration Destruction Projects Original Concept - Demonstration of a range of destruction options Cuba: Capture capacity pre-established Cement kiln Columbia Incremental capture capability (consolidation/storage) Export or regional specialty facilities

UNDP Demonstration Destruction Projects (2) Ghana: Incremental capture capability (consolidation/storage) Test small local destruction versus export Brazil: Link to emerging appliance de-manufacturing program Utilization of existing HW Mgt infrastructure or/and or integrated de-manufacturing processing and destruction  Overall Conclusion: Using existing HW infrastructure has significant cost advantage

Barriers to EOL ODS Management  Technology/infrastructure/operational barriers relatively minor  Major practical barriers are: Creditable institutional arrangements for ownership care and custody Regulatory controls to stimulate capture of sufficient quantities to have any impact Emission bans EOL ODS a regulated hazardous waste Enforcement and meaningful penalties Financing a high cost of the EOL mgt. process

Financial Mechanisms to Support EOL ODS Mgt. Public assumption of financial liability Environmental stewardship charges Voluntary producer responsibility Energy efficiency incentives for retirement Carbon finance Convention based financing (MLF)

Potential Action in the Caribbean Region Characterized by: Low volume potential Widely distributed Absence of policy/regulatory/economic drivers Basic capture capacity available Action should focus on capture for future destruction Development of collective/regional capacity Coordination of policy and regulatory action Collective care and custody mechanism Destruction in the region unlikely Destruction likely financed by carbon finance/grants

Conclusions  Globally the amount of EOL ODS actually destroyed will be modest  Priority targets are CFC-12 and halons with CFC-12 having a narrow window over the next 5-10 years  High consuming countries (developed/developing) is where the impact can be maximized  EOL ODS needs to be regulated and managed as a hazardous waste  Initial focus should be on capture

Conclusions (2)  EOL ODS destruction not limited by technology  Limitations are institutional/regulatory/financial  LVC’s need to act collectively  Final destruction integrated with ESM HW management generally and carbon finance as this matures.

Thank You Questions? Rick Cooke Skype: manwestrjc