Introduction to Respiration April 24, 2017
Respiration oxygen & carbon dioxide move in or out of cells by ___________ molecules can diffuse through cell membranes only if ___________ in water therefore respiratory surfaces must always remain ___________ therefore surfaces are lined with ___________ diffusion dissolved moist mucus April 24, 2017
Overview of Cardiopulmonary System inhalation exhalation air External Environment terrestrial:_______ water aquatic: _________ external respiration Respiratory surface lungs Internal Environment higher animals gills fish: _______ lower animals skin internal respiration Cellular Respiration April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017
thoracic cavity (ribs) pharynx 3 nasal cavity 1 4 epiglottis larynx 5 cartilage rings 7 6 trachea bronchi (us) 8 thoracic cavity (ribs) 12 bronchioles 9 pleural membrane alveoli 10 13 heart diaphragm 14 11
Components of the Respiratory System Nostrils: entrance for air into the respiratory system contains nasal hairs filters air Nasal cavity: warms air – via nearby capillaries warm air diffuses faster moistens air: lined with mucus membranes oxygen dissolves in moist air cleans air: cilia & mucus remove foreign particles April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Pharynx: common tube for respiratory & digestive systems filters air via cilia protects against pathogens because it contains lymph tissues (tonsils & adenoids) April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Epiglottis: flap of tissue supported by cartilage blocks opening of respiratory tract when swallowing to prevent solids and liquids from entering lungs Larynx: contains vocal cords which vibrate when air passes through them April 24, 2017
April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Trachea: conducts air from larynx towards lungs has cartilage rings to prevent collapsing lined with cilia & mucus to trap “foreign” substances April 24, 2017
Trachea glottis (opening into trachea) cilia dust larynx (voice box) move dust up & out 1 9 dust 7 2 larynx (voice box) goblet cells make mucus trap dust 8 3 trachea 4 cartilage ring prevent collapsing 5 bronchus bronchiole no cartilage rings 6 10 esophagus April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Bronchi: left bronchus & right bronchus conduct air into & out of the left and right lung respectively has cartilage rings to prevent collapsing April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Lungs: organ involved in ventilation & respiration left lung is smaller (2 lobes) vs right lung (3 lobes) because of the presence of the heart April 24, 2017
Blood Vessels in Lungs April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Diaphragm: dome-shaped muscle beneath the lungs that is involved in breathing (inhalation/exhalation) April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Pleural membrane (pleura): thin fluid-filled double membrane that surrounds each lung and the inner wall of the thoracic cavity lubricates and aids in breathing April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Thoracic cavity (chest cavity): holds & protects the lungs & the heart bounded by the ribs, sternum & the diaphragm sternum April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System Bronchioles: smallest branches of the airway carries air from bronchi to alveoli lack cartilage rings Alveoli: tiny moist “sacs” (8 million) where gas exchange takes place large surface area to increase rate of gas exchange (diffusion) April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017
lined with mucus on the inside The Alveoli pulmonary arterioles pulmonary venules alveolar epithelial cells 1 cell thick lined with mucus on the inside CO2 O2 RBC’s capillary cells 1 cell thick April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017
Alveoli 4. pulmonary arterioles bronchiole capillary 3. alveoli 1 4 capillary 2 4 3. alveoli 5 3 5 April 24, 2017 5.pulmonary venules
WHY SMOKE? smoker’s lungs healthy lungs April 24, 2017
Respiration: involves 3 processes 1. Ventilation (Breathing) What Happens?/Where? Involves 1. Ventilation (Breathing) 2. Gas Exchange 3. Cellular Respiration the movement of air into & out of the lungs inhalation aka inspiration exhalation aka expiration muscles use energy to pull rib cage up & out external respiration: lungs exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & air internal respiration: cells exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & cells diffusion no energy passive transport chemical reactions bonds broken catabolic exothermic in mitochondria glucose broken down ATP produced April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System CILIA April 24, 2017
Components of the Respiratory System April 24, 2017