Challenges of the New Nation USI.7 a-d
Lesson 1 Articles of Confederation SOL 7a
SOL SOL 7a: identifying the weaknesses of the government established by the Articles of Confederation.
EQ: How do governments establish their power?
What do I need to Know? Constitutions are written to establish the powers of a government.
Lesson Hook Imagine that the school will hold a trivia contest between homerooms. The number of participants in the contest will be based on class size. Each homeroom will be able to enter one contestant for every ten students in class. Is this a fair contest? Why or why not?
Tell students that the new government under the Articles of Confederation gave each state one vote regardless of the size of its population and larger states did not think that this was fair representation.
What were the Articles of Confederation? The Articles of Confederation was a constitution written during the American Revolution to establish the powers of the new national government.
The Articles of Confederation: Problem 1: Provided for a weak national government
The Articles of Confederation: Problem 2: Congress had no power to tax or regulate commerce
The Articles of Confederation: Problem 3: Provided for no common currency (money)
The Articles of Confederation: Problem 4: Gave each state one vote
The Articles of Confederation: Problem 5: Provided for no executive or judicial branch
Writing to Learn: The Articles of Confederation had several major weaknesses. What do you believe was it s greatest weaknesses? Why?
Quick Quiz USI.7a Ready, Set, GO!
What provided for a weak national government?
In the Articles of confederation Congress did not have the power to:
How many votes did each state get under the Articles of confederation?
What 2 branches of government did not exist under the Articles of confederation?
Lesson 2, 3, 4, and 5 Principles of the Constitution Sol 7b
SOL Identifying the basic principles of the new government established by the Constitution of the United States of America and the Bill of Rights.
Essential Question How does the American system of government provide for separation of power and protect the rights of individual?
What Do I Need to Know? American government is founded on the principles of federalism and individual rights.
What is a Federal System? A system that divides governmental powers between national government and the governments of the states
State government National government Federal System
Confederation to Constitution Weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation led to the effort to draft a new constitution.
Constitutional Convention of 1787 State delegates met in Philadelphia and decided not to revise the Articles of Confederation but to write a new constitution. George Washington was elected president of the Constitutional Convention.
Delegates debated over how much power should be given to the new government and how large and small states should be represented in the new government.
The structure of the new national government as proposed by James Madison’s “Virginia Plan” included three separate branches of government: legislative, executive, judicial
The Great Compromise The Great Compromise decided how many votes each states had in the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Constitution was signed at the end of the convention in 1787.
Ratification of the Constitution Nine of the thirteen states had to vote in favor of the Constitution before it could become law.
What is a Compromise? An agreement in which each side gave up some of what it wanted
What is a Convention? A formal meeting of members, representatives, or delegates, as of a political party, fraternal society, profession, or industry.
What is a Cabinet? A group of advisors to the president.
Separation of powers Structure of the new national government Based on Madison’s “Virginia Plan” There are 3 branches
What are the 3 branches of Government? Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Executive Branch
What is the legislative branch? Congress Makes laws 2 houses Equal representation in the Senate (2 per state) House of Representatives (population)
Senate Two Senators per state
House of Representatives The number of a state’s representatives is based on state’s population
What is the Judicial Branch? Supreme Court Determines if the laws made by congress are constitutional !
What is the Executive Branch? President Carries out the laws
What are checks and balances? They keep each other in check! Each branch can check the power of the other. They keep any one branch from gaining too much power!
Bill of Rights Based on the Virginia Declaration of Rights (George Mason and James Madison’s) and the Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom (Thomas Jefferson)
Who wrote the Bill of Rights? James Madison was the author of the Bill of Rights
What are the Bill of Rights? The first ten amendments to the Constitution Provides a written guarantee of individual rights (freedom of speech and religion) Define amendments: change a part of anything (documents)
Writing to Learn: Which of the rights guaranteed in the Bill of Rights do you think is the most important? Why?
Quick Quiz Ready!!!! SET!!! GO!!
What is the federal system of government?
What are the 3 branches of government?
What do we often call the legislative branch in national government?
What does the Legislative branch do?
What are the 2 houses of the Legislative branch?
Which house uses population to determine the number of representatives?
Which branch carries out the laws?
Who is our highest national executive?
What does the Judicial Branch do?
Lesson 6 Major Party Differences SOL 7c Anything not reserved for the states are given to the individual
SOL 7c: identifying the conflicts that resulted in the emergence of two political parties.
Essential Question How do political parties both bring people together and lead to conflict within a nation?
What Do I Need to Know? Political parties can create both unity and conflict.
Hamilton vs. Jefferson Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had opposing views on the role of national government. 2 parties emerged
Alexander Hamilton Federalists Strong national government Limits on states’ powers develop industry (big biz) National bank
Thomas Jefferson Democratic Republicans Weak national govt. States’ powers Small business and farmers No national bank!!!
Writing to Learn: If you lived during the 1790’s, would you support Jefferson or Hamilton? Explain.
Quick Quiz USI.7c Ready Set GO!
Who was the Leader of the Federalists?
Who opposed a national bank?
Who wanted a weak national government?
Alexander Hamilton favored limits on:
What was the name of the party that Thomas Jefferson led?
Thomas Jefferson favored small business and _________.
Who favored the national bank?
Who favored a strong national government?
Alexander Hamilton favored __________ on a national scale.
Lesson 7 and 8 Accomplishments During First Five Presidents SOL 7d
SOL 7d: describing the major accomplishments of the first five presidents of the United States.
EQ: How much do the actions of leaders determine the success of a new nation?
What Do I Need to Know? The way new nation face challenges will determine their longevity.
All of the first 5 presidents were Virginians except John Adams. Congress and the first 5 presidents made decisions establishing a strong government that helped the nation grow in size and Power!
George Washington (Va.) - #1 Federal Court system was established. Political parties grew out of the differences between Hamilton & Jefferson. The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution.
George Washington (continued) Plans were created for development of the national capital in Washington, D.C. – Benjamin Banneker African-American complete the design for the city.
John Adams (Ma.) - #2 The two-party system began during his administration
Thomas Jefferson (Va.) - # 3 Bought Louisiana from France (Louisiana Purchase) Lewis & Clark explored new land west of Mississippi
James Madison (Va.) - #4 War of 1812 – Caused European nations to gain respect for the United States – Fought for freedom of the seas
James Monroe (Va.) - #5 Introduced the Monroe Doctrine warning European nations not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Writing to Learn Which of the first five presidents of the US do you admire the most? Tell why you admire this President and some of his accomplishments.
USI.7d Quick Quiz Ready Set GO!
Most of the first five presidents were from which state? Virginia
Who did Thomas Jefferson purchase the Louisiana Territory from? France (Napoleon)
Which president saw a two- party system emerge during his presidency? John Adams
Who explored the Louisiana Territory west of the Mississippi River? Lewis and Clark
The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations not to interfere in the ________ _________. Western Hemisphere
Which war caused European nations to gain respect for the US? War of 1812
Who was president during the War of 1812? James Madison
Who was president when the Federal court system was established? George Washington
When George Washington was president, what was added to the Constitution? The Bill of Rights
Who helped design Washington, D.C.? Benjamin Banneker