CONGRESS ARTICLE I
CONGRESS “to meet” VS. PARLIAMENT “to speak”
1. How a member is chosen (primary v. party) 2. Role in picking the Executive 3. Commitment to party vs. independent representative
POWERS OF CONGRESS
EXPRESSED(16)… ENUMERATED… VS. IMPLIED (NECESSARY AND PROPER) (ELASTIC CLAUSE) (army, navy, air force?)
ARTICLE I, SECTION 8 McCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (THIS WAS ABOUT CREATION OF THE NATIONAL BANK AND WHETHER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAD THE AUTHORITY TO CREATE SUCH A BANK AND WHETHER THE STATE OF MARYLAND COULD TAX THAT BANK AND WHEN THE SUPREME COURT RULED THAT SINCE CONGRESS ALREADY HAD THE EXPRESSED POWER TO COIN MONEY AND REGULATE ITS VALUE THAT IT “IMPLICITLY” HAD THE POWER TO CREATE A NATIONAL BANK THROUGH THE ELASTIC CLAUSE AND THAT THE STATE OF MARYLAND DID NOT HAVE THE RIGHT TO TAX THE BANK SINCE THAT WOULD GIVE STATES MORE POWER THAN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SINCE THE STATE OF MARYLAND COULD TAX THE BANK OUT OF EXISTANCE…THE POWER TO TAX IS THE POWER TO DESTROY)
DEFINE THE “NECESSARY AND PROPER CLAUSE” OF THE CONSTITUTION.
EVOLUTION OF CONGRESS
CENTRALIZATION (POWERFUL LEADERS) VS. DECENTRALIZATION (POWERFUL MEMBERS)
TODAY???
17 TH AMENDMENT (1913-popular election of Senators)
MARGINAL VS. SAFE DISTRICTS 55% (1994-LaTourette) ( )
DAVID JOYCE (R-OH-14)
TREND?? LESS OR MORE MARGINAL?? Why? (the “G” word)
INCUMBENCY ADVANTAGE 6%-8%
1933 – CONGRESSES 27/41 D-BOTH WHY??
PARTY CONTROL 107th2001– —— — 108th2003– — — 109th2005– — th2007– — —4 111th2009– —1 112th2011– — —— 113th2013– — —— Read more: Composition of Congress by Party 1855 – 2013 | Infoplease.com Composition of Congress by Party 1855 – 2013 | Infoplease.com
GERRYMANDERING
EXAMPLE….
12 R – 4 D
Texas #36
Florida #21
MELVIN WATT (D-NC-12)
SHAW v. RENO (1993) * MAJORITY-MINORITY DISTRICT (could not prove that race was the primary issue here so district was allowed)
HOW TO VOTE???
REPRESENTATIONAL (district, state, country, Earth)
ORGANIZATIONAL
ATTITUDINAL
NAME AND DESCRIBE ONE WAY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS VOTE ON LEGISLATION
PARTY POLARIZATION (AMERICANS ARE LESS SO…really?)
From Sarahpac.org
From Democratic Leadership Committee
ORGANIZATION OF CONGRESS
LEADERSHIP
WHO’S WHO??? WHO’S WHOM??
HOUSE OF REPS.
HOUSE OF REPS. MR.AKER 1973
SPEAKER JOHN BOEHNER (R-OH )
MAJORITY LEADER ERIC CANTOR – (R-VA.)
MINORITY LEADER NANCY PELOSI (D-CA)
SENATE MAJORITY LEADER HARRY REID (D-NV)
SENATE MINORITY LEADER MITCH McCONNELL (R-KY)
PRESIDENT “PRO TEMPORE” PATRICK LEAHY, D.-VT.
ROBERT BYRD “BARBARIC”
“WHIPS”
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE PARTY WHIPS?
CAUCUSES
BLUE DOG DEMOCRATS (MODERATES)
LIBERTY CAUCUS (Libertarian Republicans)
CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS (national constituency)
HOUSE REPUBLICAN DOCTORS AGAINST THE AFFORDABLE HEALTH CARE ACT
COMMITTEES AND SUBCOMMITTEES
SENIORITY I’M 125 YRS. OLD
SPECIFICALLY, DESCRIBE THE SENIORITY SYSTEM IN CHOOSING CHAIRPERSONS OF THE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.
BALANCE -REGIONAL -IDEOLOGICAL
STANDING HOUSE 20/84 SENATE 20/68
JOINT COMMITTEES
REFERRALS… MULTIPLE SEQUENTIAL
CONFERENCE
SELECT COMMITTEES
KEY HOUSE COMMITTEES
RULES
WAYS AND MEANS (TAXES AND ENTITLEMENT LAWS …$$$$$$$$)
WHY IS THE HOUSE WAYS AND MEANS COMMITTEE SO IMPORTANT?
KEY SENATE COMMITTEES
ARMED SERVICES
FOREIGN RELATIONS
JUDICIARY
INTELLIGENCE
SUBCOMMITTEES
“MARK UP”
STAFF (cuts in 1990’s)
PRIMARY JOB SERVICE CONSTITUENTS (HOME AND D.C.OFFICES)
RESEARCH, WRITE AND ADVOCATE LEGISLATION
NEGOTIATE WITH OTHER STAFFERS
STAFF AGENCIES CRS (status) CBO (scoring) GAO
“I’M JUST A BILL”
“IT’S LIKE MAKING SAUSAGE…”
JOINT RESOLUTION = LAW
PAGES
DISCHARGE PETITION (218)
WHAT IS A DISCHARGE PETITION?
OPEN VS. CLOSED RULES
RIDERS (amendments) CHRISTMAS TREE BILL
PORK BARREL LEGISLATION
FILIBUSTER AND CLOTURE(51/60) RULE 22
DOUBLE TRACKING
WHAT IS “DOUBLE TRACKING?”
LOGROLLING “you kiss my…..”
VOTING METHODS
PRESIDENTIAL OPTIONS
SIGN IT…
VETO MESSAGE (2/3 OVERRIDE)
SIT FOR 10 DAYS…
POCKET VETO (less than 10 days…)
IDENTIFY TWO OF THE FOUR OPTIONS THE PRESIDENT HAS WHEN HE RECEIVES A PASSED BILL FROM CONGRESS?
SUPREME COURT “JUDICIAL REVIEW”