Chapter 2 The Planting of English America

Spanish Colonies From Florida down, Spain owned But NORTH America was unclaimed: – Spanish Post: Santa Fe (1610) – French Post: Quebec (1608) – English Post: Jamestown, VA (1607)

Why come? Money Gold in the New World Open land (England is small) Primogeniture (1st son inherits everything) How do you get here? -Indentured servitude Joint stock companies – a forerunner for modern companies – enabled a large number of investors to pool their money then liquidate it for profit. Example: Virginia Company Charter from King James I gave overseas settlers the same rights of Englishman that they would have received at home.

The English try settlement Sir Walter Raleigh – Roanoke Island (NC). The “lost colony” – 1585 Swallowed up by the wilderness

Jamestown Colonists landed at James River (Jamestown) where it was mosquito-infested and unhealthful. Disease, malnutrition, starvation. Gentlemen, not hunters. John Smith saves the people by forcing them to plant and stop looking for gold. Almost got killed by NA but Pocahontas saved him. People started eating each other. Man salts his wife and eats her.

Cultural Clashes in the Chesapeake Starving colonists raid NA food. Powhattan the boss Lord De La Warr (Delaware) declares war against NA (1610). Peace treaty ends First Anglo- powhattan War (1614) with marriage of John Rolfe/Pocohontas (First interracial couple in Virginia!) - Problem is land hungry whites and mad NA who are dying of diseases.

Virginia: Child of the bewitching weed John Rolfe = father of tobacco and pocahontas’ hubs; economic savior of Virginia colony. He perfected the taste and all Euros wanted it so badly that they grew it everywhere! (graves). First profitable export. "smoked pleasant, sweet and strong." They needed more land, annoying the NA Ruined the land when over planted. Chained VA’s economy to fluctuations in tobacco price. It promoted a plantation system. Discuss the four worlds of Tobacco

1619 – First transaction of Africans Dutch ship appears off Jamestown and sold 20 Africans. Discuss four worlds of this transaction

House of Burgesses (VA)-1619 Mini parliament got together with self government. Burgesses are elected reps Only White men with land can participate Overtime, King James grew hostile towards VA. He hated tobacco and the house of Burgesses. He revokes the charter of the VA Company and makes it a royal colony under his direct control. Theme: politics, have/have nots

Maryland: Catholic Haven

The West Indies’ (The British Carribean) love for Sugar Sugar is cash crop, Required more work than tobacco and needed more laborers  Africans outnumbered white settlers. African Diaspora To control the slaves, whites devised “codes” that defined the legal status and master’s intentions. Ex: barbados slave code of 1661 Like VA, they have to rely on the mainland for foodstuffs and other basic needs. Small english farmers got pushed out by the greedy sugar barons, so they moved to Carolina in They brought with them their slaves and their barbados slave code. Think of the four worlds of the Sugar cash crop in the West Indies Four worlds of the Barbados Slave Code THEMES: Uses/Abuses of Power, Globalization of slavery, code, and food. Demographics, economics

West Indies Sugar Plantation

Colonizing the Carolinas King Charles II gave his 8 court favorites proprietor (owner) rights to the Carolinas. They hoped to grow foodstuffs for the people of the West Indies. Many Carolina settlers came from the West Indies with their slave code system. Theme: Globalization, Econ They enlisted coastal Natives to foray into the interior to capture other natives as slave labor. Rice became the principal crop, of which the Africans grew well and knew the sciences of agriculture. Charles Town became the busiest seaport

Emergence of North Carolina Bordered VA. Lots of poverty-stricken outcasts and religious dissenters. They didn’t like VA because it was dominated by big plantations and Church of England. Many were squatters and raised their own tobacco. Reputation for being irreligious and hospitable to pirates. Strong spirit of resistance to authority. Stuck between aristocratic VA and SC. Very democratic, independent-minded, least aristocratic. Theme: Identity

Georgia - The buffer and charity colony (1773) Late comer (126 years after Jamestown, 52 years after the 12 th colony, Penn) Was intended to be a buffer to protect the valuable Carolinas from the Spanish in Florida and the French in the Louisiana. They received money from the British govn’t b/c they are obviously going to be attacked. High-minded group of philanthropists launched the colony for people with DEBT. James Oglethorpe, most famous founder, interested in prison reform.