Learning, Memory, Thinking Cognitive Psychology. Learning What is learning? From a psychologists perspective: Learning : change in knowledge or behaviour.

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Presentation transcript:

Learning, Memory, Thinking Cognitive Psychology

Learning What is learning? From a psychologists perspective: Learning : change in knowledge or behaviour as a result of experience.

Learning In this case, did Hans really learn anything?

Learning Kinds of Learning: 1) Conditioned Learning: Acquiring patterns of behaviour in the presence of an environmental stimuli. Most human behaviour is likely due to conditioning.

Learning 1)Conditioned Learning A)Classical Conditioning: Pavlov Transfer a natural response from one stimulus to another. US UR US +CS UR CS CR

Learning Pavlov Dog Experiment

Learning In this case, what was the: Unconditioned Stimulus? Unconditioned Response? Conditioned Stimulus? Conditioned Response?

Learning Example: Little Albert eature=related

Learning Watson: Little Albert In this case, what was the: Unconditioned Stimulus? Unconditioned Response? Conditioned Stimulus? Conditioned Response?

Learning Generalization: a person learns a response to a particular stimulus then makes the same response to similar stimuli. Extinction : gradual disappearance of an acquired response by the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.

Learning B) Operant Conditioning: Skinner Using reinforcement to control behaviour. Positive Reinforcement : Event, situation, or condition that increases the likelihood that a certain behaviour will recur. Negative Reinforcement : Event, situation, or condition that decreases the likelihood that a certain behaviour will recur.

Learning Example: Skinner Box

Learning Conditioned taste avoidance Example: Blue jay

Learning So what? Pigeons have been trained using the Skinner box to peck when they see orange. Trained pigeons used for search and rescue.

Learning So what? Slot machines employ a variable-ratio reward system. Reinforcement is given after a variable number of responses centered around an average.

Learning Discipline: Research had found that rewards are more effective than punishment on changing behaviour. What do you think?

Learning 2) Observational Learning Many skills are required by first watching someone else complete it first.

Learning Bandura identified four processes key to observational learning Attention: Must first pay attention to the behavior of others. Retention: Store a representation of what you observe. Reproduction: Convert stored memory to action. Motivation: Motivated to practice skill.

Learning Observational Learning and Violence Bobo Doll