Urinary Incontinence (UI) Management in Family Practice References: Can Fam Physician 2003;49: Can Fam Physician 2003;49: SOGC Clinical Practice Guidelines. No. 127, April 2003.
To do: Info Types of Incontinence What to do in office Treatment When to refer
Info 1.5 million Canadians 12% of women, 2% of men >55 Affects Quality of Life Majority can be managed by Family Physician
Types of Incontinence Stress Urge Mixed Overflow
Stress Incontinence Most common Loss of urine on physical exertion or increases in intra-abdominal pressure. Usually no nocturia (helps distinguish from urge incontinence)
Urge Incontinence (overactive bladder) Loss of urine with strong desire to void. Frequency and nocturia are common Pure urge incontinence is least common (3% adult women)
Mixed UI (urge + stress) Loss of urine with both urge and increases in abdominal stress.
Overflow Associated with bladder distention or retention; poorly contractile detrusor or outlet obstruction Chronic retention is usually painless Can be confused with stress incontinence because leakage can occur with increase abdominal pressure
What to do in Office? Ask about it on annual precipitating factors, amount, frequency, protective measures (pads, clothing changes), Quality of Life Fluid Intake, caffeine, HS fluids?, previous surgeries, smoke, ? Sx of UTI, constipation Meds: Ace (cough), diuretics, alpha- blockers Causing retention: hypnotics, antipsychotics, narcotics, anticholinergics
Voiding diary
Basic Physical Exam/Labs Neurological exam Urinary Stress Test Speculum and Bimanual Pelvic Urine Dip/R&M
Treatment 1.Lifestyle: fluid/caffeine, UTI, constipation, void regularly, lose weight, stop smoking 2.Pelvic Floor Strengthening: benefit urge, stress, and mixed UI. Success in 50-90% of patients 3.Bladder Training (Urge Suppression or scheduled voiding)
Kegel (Pelvic Floor Muscle) Exercises Squeeze (as if stopping urination) Hold for 5s, relax for 10s. Repeat x10 TID. 15 contractions TID 20 contractions QID + 20 whenever
Specific Treatment for Stress Incontinence Pessary: for Stress Incontinence +/- Prolapse Specific Treatment for Mixed/Urge Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists OXYBUTYNIN: Ditropan® XL 5 mg Transdermal: Adults: Apply one 3.9 mg/day patch twice weekly (every 3-4 days) TOLTERODINE: Detrol® 2 mg BID or 4 mg Daily of Long Acting (LA)
When to Refer No or partial response to conservative measures Previous prolapse surgery Previous continence surgery that has failed Severe pelvic organ prolapse Voiding dysfunction with high postvoid residual urine (with or without complications: recurrent UTI, hydronephrosis)