Yunji, Hanna and Ed welcomes you to the world of Middle East in the 1700s

Bahrain Iran Iraq Israel/Occupied Territories Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Palestinian Authority Saudi Arabia Syria UAE Yemen Cyprus Egypt Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Turkey

So much to explore: Middle East Some are famous for being wealthy with oil sources Some are famous for being wealthy with oil sources Back in 1700s, only empires were in existent Back in 1700s, only empires were in existent One of the biggest, powerful empire was the Ottoman EmpireOne of the biggest, powerful empire was the Ottoman Empire

*Founded by Osman In 13th Century *Now called to be Turkey *Had control of vast areas in Middle East, North Africa, Balkan Peninsula

1.Geographical Features 2. Ideas/Philosophy

Advantage of being in the center area Able to interact with other Middle East Empire as well as Europe Also able to conquer them

At that time, Europe and other empires/countries were not highly developed in education fields as now In the Middle East, a lot of people were aware of the writing and reading in comparison to other areas Not about learning history, music, interpretation of language like us, but mostly focused on reading and writing and understanding their own language

High developed education Geography of being in the center Trades were actively held in the Middle East leading up to overflow of money and culture

1.Geographical Features 2. Ideas/Philosophy

Adapted from early Persians Giving certain conquest areas in return of military services Motivated people to fight for their country

Dealt with economy and military conquest Conducted under Tahrir Land Survey Keeping records of land (conquest), change in lands such as ownership Loaned and gave lands to people and got certain amount of taxes and work load for return Helped both citizens and central government, who were struggling to manage vast areas of land

Educating/Training Slaves for government works Picked young Christian boys from 8-15 and trained them in subjects like military, religion, culture, social arts After training they were assigned roles according to their strength Converting soldiers to Islam Unified theme, motivation in military Helped to create the social groups of Ottoman Empire

Men of Pen (judges, imams, intellectuals) Men of Sword (military) Men of Negotiations (merchants) Men of Husbandry (farmers)

Let’s get to know about Islam Comes from the word: Aslama (to accept) Believe in their God, Allah so as his prophet, Muhammad 5 pillars of Islam 1.Shahadah: Accepting the existence of God and Muhammad as the messenger of God 1.Salah: Praying 5 times a day 2.Zakat: Helping the poor with money 4. Sawm: Ramadan, fasting 5.Hajj: pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca Direct Influence to Middle East: Ottoman Empire Gender Conflicts -not much Islamic practices/education allowed for girls -To prevent independence and interaction especially between opposite genders

Time of Crisis= 1700sTime of Crisis= 1700s 1.Internal Conflicts Immense amount of taxImmense amount of tax Corrupted practicesCorrupted practices Rebels- Janissaries (elite military soldiers)Rebels- Janissaries (elite military soldiers) Weak leadership (constant struggle of power, murder, solutions of protection)Weak leadership (constant struggle of power, murder, solutions of protection) 2. End of the Grand March Forced to withdraw from Azerbaijan and CaucasusForced to withdraw from Azerbaijan and Caucasus Failed to Conquer ViennaFailed to Conquer Vienna

Realized that there old styled in ideas, styles, weapons, military techniques Realized that there old styled in ideas, styles, weapons, military techniques Tried to “fit” to the modern worldTried to “fit” to the modern world Built new facilities such as military schoolBuilt new facilities such as military school Never able to fully recoverNever able to fully recover